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. 2017 Oct 6;7:12764. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12958-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Suppression of single PV neurons enhances visual responses of postsynaptic Pyr cells. (a) Membrane potentials of a Pyr cell (top row) and a presynaptic PV neuron (second row) to moving grating stimuli as shown at top. Stimuli were given in the period indicated by hatched area. Membrane potentials of the Pyr cell and the PV neuron during suppression of the latter neuron are shown in the third and fourth rows. (b) Raster plot of action potentials of the Pyr cell before (black dots) and during (red dots) suppression of the PV neuron. (c) Orientation tuning curves of the visual responses of the Pyr cell before (black) and during (red) the suppression of the PV neuron. Vertical bars indicate mean ± SEM of number of action potentials (APs) in 15 responses at each orientation.