Table 1.

Univariate and multivariate analyses regarding the demographic, risk factors and mortality rate of HAP-CDI and HAP-non-CDI groups

Characteristics	HAP-CDI (n = 29)		HAP-non-CDI (n = 340)		Univariate		Multivariable
	n	%	n	%	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Male	24	82.76	244	71.76	1.889 (0.700–5.093)	0.202
Age mean ± SD	64.83 ± 14.83		57.49 ± 15.45			0.014	1.054 (1.014–1.096)	0.008
Age group
18–40	2	6.90	41	12.06	0.540 (0.124–2.356)	0.406
41–64	10	34.48	185	54.41	0.441 (0.199–0.976)	0.039
>65	17	58.62	108	31.76	3.043 (1.404–6.595)	0.003
Hospital duration (days) (mean ± SD)	28.55 ± 16.38		20.03 ± 8.48			<0.001	1.050 (1.002–1.100)	0.041
Underlying conditions
Diabetes mellitus	5	17.24	52	15.29	1.154 (0.421–3.161)	0.781
Malignancy	3	10.34	20	5.88	1.846 (0.515–6.624)	0.34
Hematopathy	1	3.45	4	1.18	3.000 (0.324–27.759)	0.31
Respiratory failure	10	34.48	47	13.82	3.281 (1.437–7.490)	0.003
Renal insufficiency	3	10.34	26	7.647	1.393 (0.395–4.914)	0.604
Cardiac insufficiency	1	3.45	48	14.12	0.217 (0.029–1.634)	0.104
1 month prior hospital admission
Used antibiotics	23	79.31	104	30.59	8.699(3.44–21.995)	<0.001	7.298 (2.284–23.319)	0.001
Used immunosuppressant	0	0	7	2.06	1.021 (1.005–1.037)	0.435
Used glucocorticoids	8	27.59	16	4.71	7.714 (2.964–20.079)	˂0.001	6.331 (1.390–28.841)	0.017
Treatments and procedures during hospital stay
Surgery	9	31.03	111	32.65	0.928 (0.409–2.105)	0.859
Tube feeding	20	68.97	185	54.41	1.862 (0.824–4.207)	0.13
TPN	18	62.07	162	47.65	1.798 (0.824–3.921)	0.136	3.944 (1.306–11.912)	0.015
Enema	0	0	5	1.47	1.015 (1.002–1.028)	0.511
Enteroscopy	2	6.90	23	6.76	1.021 (0.228–4.564)
Antibiotics use	29	100	297	87.35	1.145 (1.099–1.192)	0.042
PPI use	27	93.10	299	87.94	1.851 (0.424–8.075)	0.406
Mortality rate	4	13.79	15	4.55	3.467 (1.070–11.232)	0.028

TPN total parenteral nutrition, PPI proton pump inhibitor, Surgery had surgery during hospitalization