Table 3.
Estimated indirect effects of emotional reaction to warning information on perceptions of cigarettes vs. alternative tobacco products.
| Effect | Estimated Indirect Effect | CI 95 | P - value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Perceptions of Cigarettes vs. Smokeless Tobacco | |||
| Emotional reaction -> Smoking risk perceptions -> Cigarettes more dangerous than smokeless tobacco | −.11 (.03) | −.18 to −.05 | .001 |
| Emotional reaction -> Smoking-myth endorsement -> Cigarettes more dangerous than smokeless tobacco | .07 (.03) | .00 to .13 | .037 |
| Emotional reaction -> Warning consideration -> Smoking risk perceptions -> Cigarettes more dangerous than smokeless tobacco | −.03 (.02) | −.06 to −.00 | .031 |
| Emotional reaction -> Warning consideration -> Smoking-myth endorsement -> Cigarettes more dangerous than smokeless tobacco | −.06 (.02) | −.10 to −.02 | .006 |
| Emotional reaction -> Warning consideration -> Smoking-myth endorsement -> Smoking risk perceptions -> Cigarettes more dangerous than smokeless tobacco | −.01 (.01) | .00 to .02 | .029 |
| Emotional reaction -> Smoking-myth endorsement -> Smoking risk perceptions -> Cigarettes more dangerous than smokeless tobacco | −.01 (.01) | −.03 to .02 | .092 |
| Perceptions of Cigarettes vs. Electronic Cigarettes | |||
| Emotional reaction -> Smoking risk perceptions -> Cigarettes more dangerous than electronic cigarettes | −.10 (.04) | −.17 to −.03 | .008 |
| Emotional reaction -> Smoking-myth endorsement -> Cigarettes more dangerous than electronic cigarettes | .09 (.04) | .02 to .17 | .018 |
| Emotional reaction -> Warning consideration -> Smoking risk Perceptions -> Cigarettes more dangerous than electronic cigarettes | −.03 (.01) | −.06 to −.00 | .034 |
| Emotional reaction -> Warning consideration -> Smoking-myth endorsement -> Cigarettes more dangerous than electronic cigarettes | −.08 (.03) | −.14 to −.03 | .003 |
| Emotional reaction -> Warning consideration -> Smoking-myth endorsement -> Smoking risk perceptions -> Cigarettes more dangerous than electronic cigarettes | .01 (.01) | .00 to .02 | .033 |
| Emotional reaction -> Smoking-myth endorsement -> Smoking risk perceptions -> Cigarettes more dangerous than electronic cigarettes | −.01 (.01) | −.03 to .00 | .096 |
Note: Negative values indicate perceptions that cigarettes are safer than alternative tobacco products. Positive values indicate greater perceptions that alternative products are safer than cigarettes.