Table 3.
Comparison of physician-diagnosed GI disorders between the headache groups and controls.
| GI disorder diagnosis | Migrainea,c (N = 168) |
TTHb,c (N = 168) |
Controla,b (N = 336) |
p-Value1 | p-Value2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | |||
| GERD | 45 | 26.79 | 20 | 11.90 | 36 | 10.71 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Gastritis | 85 | 50.60 | 103 | 61.31 | 207 | 61.61 | ||
| Gastric ulcer | 20 | 11.90 | 20 | 11.90 | 19 | 5.65 | ||
| IBS | 3 | 1.79 | 4 | 2.38 | 2 | 0.60 | ||
| FGID | 6 | 3.57 | 17 | 10.12 | 25 | 7.44 | ||
| Liver disease | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 21 | 6.25 | ||
| Etc. | 9 | 5.36 | 4 | 2.38 | 26 | 7.74 | ||
p-Value1, headache group vs. control group.
p-Value2, migraine group vs. TTH groups vs. control group.
GI, gastrointestinal; TTH, tension-type headache; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disorder; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; FGID, functional gastrointestinal disorder.
aSignificant differences between the migraine group and controls by multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0001).
bSignificant differences between the TTH group and control group by multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction (p = 0.0008).
cSignificant differences between the migraine and TTH groups by multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction (p = 0.0067).