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. 2017 Sep 11;7(3):187–199. doi: 10.1556/1886.2017.00021

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© 2017, The Author(s)

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated.

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Fig. 4. — Fecal gene numbers of lactobacilli in PACAP-deficient and wildtype mice over time. Individual intestinal loads of lactobacilli were quantitatively assessed in fecal samples derived from (A) wildtype (WT, closed circles) and (B) pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-deficient (PACAP^–/–, open circles) mice at defined time points postpartum (as indicated on the x axis; wk: weeks; mo: months) by qRT-PCR and expressed as 16S rRNA gene numbers per nanogram DNA. Medians, numbers of analyzed animals (in parentheses), and significance levels (p values) determined by Mann–Whitney U test are indicated