Figure 2.

Resveratrol attenuates the appearance of typical senescence-associated features induced by CuSO₄. (a) Cell morphology was evaluated 72 h after the removal of 350 µM CuSO₄ (or Na₂SO₄, for controls) in fibroblasts that were allowed to recover in the presence or absence of 5 or 10 µM resveratrol. Representative images from the indicated conditions are depicted. (b) Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA beta-gal) activity was detected 72 h after CuSO₄ removal, and the percentage of positive cells was calculated for each condition after counting a minimum of 400 cells/well. (c) Cell proliferation was assessed by counting the viable cells in a Neubauer chamber at different time points after CuSO₄ treatment (0, 24, 48, and 72 h). To facilitate direct comparisons between the indicated conditions over time, the number of viable cells on day 0 was assumed to be 1 for all treatments. Data are presented as means ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. ^∗p < 0.05 and ^∗∗p < 0.01, when compared to CuSO₄-treated cells without resveratrol at the respective time point.