Table 3.

Estimates of hazard ratios for hyperprolactinaemia on having several clinical outcomes by related cause of hyperprolactinaemia.

			Unadjusted		Adjusted
Outcome	Time at risk (years)	Events n	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Diabetes mellitus	64,068	334
Microadenoma			0.885	0.461–1.699	1.203	0.643–2.250
Macroadenoma			1.925	0.710–5.220	1.419	0.542–3.714
Drug-induced			2.032	1.408–2.932*	1.638	1.154–2.325*
Hypothyroidism			0.884	0.364–2.148	1.431	0.555–3.689
Idiopathic			0.716	0.352–1.456	0.898	0.452–1.785
Non-fatal Cardiovascular diseasea	64,805	238
Microadenoma			0.698	0.287–1.700	1.383	0.543–3.519
Macroadenoma			2.641	0.977–7.137	2.183	0.863–5.524
Drug-induced			1.758	1.128–2.739*	1.854	1.171–2.937*
Hypothyroidism			1.544	0.669–3.560	2.071	0.846–5.064
Idiopathic			0.651	0.266–1.591	1.222	0.506–2.949
Cancer	61,714	440
Microadenoma			0.877	0.492–1.563	1.447	0.821–2.549
Macroadenoma			2.087	0.919–4.738	1.580	0.628–3.976
Drug-induced			1.370	0.956–1.962	0.977	0.668–1.427
Hypothyroidism			0.945	0.447–1.998	1.487	0.746–2.963
Idiopathic			0.614	0.317–1.189	0.811	0.413-1.593
Bone fracturesb	63,627	285
Microadenoma			0.847	0.401–1.791	1.435	0.636–3.238
Macroadenoma			0.534	0.075–3.802	0.664	0.120–3.667
Drug-induced			2.733	1.932–3.865*	2.087	1.478–2.948*
Hypothyroidism			1.103	0.443–2.746	1.219	0.491–3.025
Idiopathic			0.911	0.449–1.849	1.190	0.571–2.481
Infectious conditionsc	59,231	623
Microadenoma			0.619	0.339–1.132	0.727	0.420–1.259
Macroadenoma			1.849	0.929–3.679	1.245	0.602–2.576
Drug-induced			2.276	1.771–2.925*	1.899	1.479–2.440*
Hypothyroidism			1.339	0.772–2.323	1.296	0.740–2.269
Idiopathic			0.622	0.348–1.111	0.848	0.482–1.491
Deathd	65,579	465
Microadenoma			0.886	0.471–1.669	1.658	0.798–3.446
Macroadenoma			6.207	3.694–10.427*	2.815	1.420–5.579*
Drug-induced			4.164	3.276–5.293*	3.358	2.568–4.392*
Hypothyroidism			2.680	1.606–4.472*	5.125	2.457–10.691*
Idiopathic			1.954	1.294–2.951*	3.728	2.306–6.027*

Adjusted models were stratified by the matched sets of subjects on age and gender. (*) P < 0.05.

^aAdjusted also for history of diabetes mellitus and renal impairment.

^bAdjusted also for history of bisphosphonates use, prednisolone use and renal impairment.

^cAdjusted also for history of prednisolone use.

^dAdjusted also for history of non-fatal cardiovascular disease, renal impairment and a Scottish index of multiple deprivation.

HR, Hazard ratio.