Table 2. Characteristics of included systematic reviews.
| Authors, year | Type of review | Database searched | Primary studies that have assessed dimensional changes of upper airway | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Airway assessed | Included studies | Participants | Interventions | Outcome | Measurement | Maximum follow-up period (Range) | ||||||
| With mandibular setback (Total) | Type | Total number (Range) | M/F | Age Range of mean (years) | ||||||||
| Al-Moraissi et al[29], 2015 | MA | Pubmed, Ovid, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central. | NP | 8 (8) | 1 RCT | 380 | 114/266 | 23.3- | 198 BM | Linear and cross-sectional area | 6 ceph | PO 6 months- |
| OP | 5 CCT | (21–78) | 28.2 | 183 MS | 1 CT | 2 years | ||||||
| HP | 2 R | (NR: 2 studies) | 1 CBCT | (NR: 3 studies) | ||||||||
| Canellas et al[30], 2015 | SR | PubMed interface of Medline, Science Direct platform, Cochrane library. | PAS | 9# (9) | 2 CCT | 232 | 84/148 | 20–25 | 134 BM | Cross-sectional area, volume and breathing parameters | 1 CBCT | PO 6–17 months |
| 6 CS | (6–78) | (NR: 1 study) | 98 MS | 7 Ceph | ||||||||
| 1 NR | ||||||||||||
| Christovam et al[31], 2016 | MA | Cochrane library, Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, VHL, Web of Science, Open-Grey. | UA | 15 (27) | 13 R | 391 |
185/181 |
20.3–30.04 | 106 MS | Cross-sectional area and volume | CT | PO 2 months- |
| 781 MxA+MS | ||||||||||||
| 2 P | (12–60) | (NR: 1 study) | 30 MxI+MS | >1 year | ||||||||
| 30 MxS+MxI+MS | ||||||||||||
| 20MxS+Ms | ||||||||||||
| Fernandez-Ferrer et al[32], 2015 | SR | Scopus, Pubmed, Cochrane, EMBASE. | NP | 14 (14) | 369 | 160/197 | 20.3–25.5 | MS | Linear, cross-sectional area, volume and respiratory parameters | 8 3-D imaging | 28 days-1.4 years | |
| OP | 12 R | |||||||||||
| 2 P | (9–78) | (NR: 2 studies) | (NR: 3 studies) | BM | 6 ventilation | (NR: 2 studies) | ||||||
| HP | ||||||||||||
| He et al[27], 2017 | MA | Scopus, Pubmed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science | NP | 18 (18) | 564 | 253/311 | 18.8–26.6 | 299 MxA+MdS | Cross-sectional area and volume | CT | NR | |
| OP | 12R | |||||||||||
| 6P | (11–72) | 264 Mds | ||||||||||
| HP | ||||||||||||
| Mattos et al[18], 2011 | MA | VHL, Scirus, Ovid, SIGLE. | OP | 19(22) | 12 R | 665 | 107/426 | 17.9–30 | 428 MS | Linear and cross-sectional area | 15: Ceph | PO 1 |
| 7 P | (10–66) | (NR: 3 studies) | (NR: 1 study) | 205 MxA+MS | 2: CT | month- | ||||||
| 2: Ceph + CT | 12 years | |||||||||||
# One of the included study did not assess the upper airway changes, but post-operative OSA was evaluated
Abbreviations:
SR = systematic review; MA = meta-analysis; NP = nasopharyngeal, OP = oropharyngeal, HP = hypopharyngeal, UA = upper airways, PAS = pharyngeal airway space; R = Retrospective study; P = Prospective study; RCT = randomized controlled trial; CCT = Case controlled trials; CS = Case series; MS = Mandibular setback, BM = bimaxillary surgery; MxA = Maxillary advancement, MMA = Maxillomandibular advancement; MxI = Maxillary impaction; MxS = maxillary; setback; Ceph = Cephalometric; CT = Computed tomography; CBCT = Cone-beam computed tomography; NR = not reported; PO = post-operative