Table 2. Demographic and occupational characteristics of the study participants according to occupational category.
| 19–40 yr | 41–60 yr | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Occupational category | Occupational category | |||||||||||||||||||
| Office work | Service and sales | Manual work | p-value | Office work | Service and sales | Manual work | p-value | |||||||||||||
| aweighted N % (SE) | aweighted N % (SE) | aweighted N % (SE) | aweighted N % (SE) | aweighted N % (SE) | aweighted N % (SE) | |||||||||||||||
| Age (year, mean (SD)) | 33.1 (0.2) | 30.6 (0.7) | 32.6 (0.4) | <0.001 | 48.2 (0.3) | 49.7 (0.5) | 50.3 (0.2) | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
| Working hours (per 1 wk, mean (SD)) | 46.8 (0.8) | 50.1 (1.5) | 50.6 (1.0) | 0.004 | 45.7 (0.6) | 54.3 (1.5) | 50.8 (0.9) | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
| Education | <0.0001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||||||||
| middle school or less | 9,383 | 0.5 (0.4) | 25,522 | 3.1 (1.2) | 103,637 | 7.1 (1.5) | 51,306 | 3.2 (0.9) | 156,747 | 20.8 (3.0) | 976,312 | 40.0 (1.8) | ||||||||
| high school | 306,550 | 17.1 (1.8) | 471,929 | 56.5 (3.4) | 989,051 | 67.7 (2.5) | 485,046 | 30.7 (2.4) | 340,642 | 45.2 (3.6) | 1,153,053 | 47.3 (1.8) | ||||||||
| university or more | 1,474,472 | 82.4 (1.8) | 338,011 | 40.4 (3.3) | 367,976 | 25.2 (2.7) | 1,044,799 | 66.0 (2.4) | 255,860 | 34.0 (3.2) | 308,723 | 12.7 (1.2) | ||||||||
| Household income | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||||||||
| low | 80,008 | 4.5 (1.1) | 51,909 | 6.2 (1.8) | 119,998 | 8.2 (1.6) | 48,306 | 3.1 (0.8) | 23,025 | 3.1 (1.3) | 207,011 | 8.5 (1.0) | ||||||||
| low medium | 352,410 | 19.7 (1.9) | 263,734 | 31.6 (3.2) | 485,674 | 33.3 (2.6) | 211,341 | 13.4 (1.7) | 172,785 | 23.0 (3.2) | 798,521 | 32.8 (2.0) | ||||||||
| medium high | 723,294 | 40.4 (2.1) | 269,399 | 32.2 (3.3) | 526,332 | 36.0 (2.6) | 491,893 | 31.1 (2.1) | 217,729 | 28.9 (3.1) | 807,083 | 33.1 (1.8) | ||||||||
| high | 634,693 | 35.4 (2.2) | 250,420 | 30.0 (3.1) | 328,659 | 22.5 (2.6) | 829,611 | 52.5 (2.3) | 339,710 | 45.1 (3.5) | 625,474 | 25.7 (1.9) | ||||||||
| Regular walking | 0.533 | 0.086 | ||||||||||||||||||
| less than 30 min or 5 d/wk | 969,437 | 54.1 (2.5) | 492,187 | 58.9 (3.7) | 795,020 | 54.4 (2.8) | 1,063,594 | 67.3 (2.1) | 503,457 | 66.8 (3.5) | 1,489,445 | 61.1 (2.0) | ||||||||
| more than 30 min*5 d/wk | 820,968 | 45.9 (2.5) | 343,275 | 41.1 (3.7) | 665,644 | 45.6 (2.8) | 517,557 | 32.7 (2.1) | 249,792 | 33.2 (3.5) | 948,643 | 38.9 (2.0) | ||||||||
| Alcohol intake | 0.063 | 0.138 | ||||||||||||||||||
| normal | 675,976 | 38.1 (2.3) | 223,731 | 27.4 (3.2) | 470,632 | 32.9 (2.7) | 596,375 | 38.4 (2.2) | 228,445 | 31.8 (3.3) | 901,700 | 38.8 (1.9) | ||||||||
| heavy | 712,055 | 40.1 (2.3) | 370,249 | 45.3 (4.3) | 582,720 | 40.7 (2.9) | 559,198 | 36.0 (2.1) | 230,867 | 32.1 (3.6) | 719,004 | 31.0 (1.8) | ||||||||
| very heavy | 237,561 | 13.4 (1.6) | 101,828 | 12.5 (2.9) | 178,481 | 12.5 (2.0) | 190,260 | 12.3 (1.5) | 121,056 | 16.8 (2.6) | 351,214 | 15.1 (1.4) | ||||||||
| alcohol dependent | 147,985 | 8.3 (1.5) | 121,474 | 14.9 (2.6) | 198,489 | 13.9 (1.9) | 207,091 | 13.3 (1.5) | 1,389,078 | 19.3 (3.0) | 353,902 | 15.2 (1.7) | ||||||||
| Marital status | 0.001 | 0.003 | ||||||||||||||||||
| married or cohabitating | 1,149,254 | 64.2 (2.4) | 407,081 | 48.7 (3.8) | 832,092 | 57.0 (2.9) | 1,510,046 | 95.5 (1.1) | 704,042 | 93.5 (2.0) | 2,181,782 | 89.5 (1.3) | ||||||||
| separated or not married | 641,152 | 35.8 (2.4) | 428,381 | 51.3 (3.8) | 628,572 | 43.0 (2.9) | 71,105 | 4.5 (1.1) | 49,207 | 6.5 (2.0) | 256,306 | 10.5 (1.3) | ||||||||
| Perceived stress | 0.159 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||||||||
| less | 1,178,809 | 65.8 (2.2) | 571,846 | 68.4 (3.2) | 1,052,590 | 72.1 (2.4) | 1,043,231 | 66.0 (2.2) | 586,149 | 77.8 (2.8) | 1,949,645 | 80.0 (1.5) | ||||||||
| much | 611,596 | 34.1 (2.2) | 263,616 | 31.6 (3.2) | 408,074 | 27.9 (2.4) | 537,920 | 34.0 (2.2) | 167,100 | 22.2 (2.8) | 488,443 | 20.0 (1.5) | ||||||||
| Total | 1,790,405 | 100 | 835,462 | 100 | 1,460,664 | 100 | 1,581,151 | 100 | 753,249 | 100 | 2,438,088 | 100 | ||||||||
All study participants were male.
SD: standard deviation; SE: standard error; wk: week; and hr: hour.
aweighted N: weighted number in Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is representative of Korean civilian noninstitutionalized census population