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. 2017 Jul 25;55(5):423–436. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.2017-0047

Table 2. Linear mixed models: performance, hunger and gut reaction outcome measures.

Outcome Measure Condition Day Time Condition*Day Condition*Time Condition*Day*Time
Fdf ɳ2(partial) Fdf ɳ2(partial) Fdf ɳ2(partial) Fdf ɳ2(partial) Fdf ɳ2(partial) Fdf ɳ2(partial)
Performance
PVT Lapses 0.201,8 0.024 0.093,120 0.013 27.033,120*** 0.561 1.763,120 0.196 8.603,120*** 0.289 0.339,120 0.078
PVT Errors 1.361,8 0.145 2.803,120* 0.124 2.803,120* 0.231 2.373,120 0.107 4.003,120** 0.300 0.469,120 0.112
PVT Median 0.471,8 0.056 0.243,120 0.028 27.543,120*** 0.587 2.763,120* 0.248 5.373,120** 0.217 0.569,120 0.120
DSST correct 0.001,8 0.000 4.793,120** 0.328 13.683,120*** 0.556 0.673,120 0.060 1.083,120 0.090 1.469,120 0.185
KSS 1.191,8 0.170 8.613,120*** 0.472 61.143,120*** 0.864 1.263,120 0.144 1.203,120 0.189 1.239,120 0.208
Hunger scales
Hunger 17.191,8** 0.682 2.563,120 0.168 9.913,120*** 0.482 2.863,120* 0.184 15.563,120*** 0.594 0.549,120 0.088
Fullness 4.391,8 0.052 1.423,120 0.086 10.183,120*** 0.555 2.283,120 0.132 10.923,120*** 0.572 0.179,120 0.030
Thoughts of food 8.2321,8* 0.507 4.853,120** 0.295 14.243,120*** 0.535 1.213,120 0.094 14.563,120*** 0.540 0.319,120 0.055
Urge to Eat 13.841,8** 0.634 2.543,120 0.171 16.403,120*** 0.609 0.263,120 0.020 15.833,120*** 0.601 0.389,120 0.062
Gut Reaction
Gassy 1.751,7 0.200 0.063,105 0.007 1.033,105 0.081 1.813,105 0.172 1.543,105 0.117 0.439,105 0.081
Upset stomach 0.411,8 0.049 0.363,120 0.056 7.153,120*** 0.353 1.643,120 0.214 4.603,120** 0.260 0.859,120 0.109
Bloated 3.21 1,7 0.314 3.713,105* 0.276 1.933,105 0.221 3.953,105* 0.288 2.893,105* 0.297 0.469,105 0.069
Dizzy 0.0551,8 0.007 1.113,120 0.092 20.023,120*** 0.608 0.833,120 0.071 1.113,120 0.079 0.369,120 0.062

*p=0.05, **p=0.01, ***p<0.001. KSS: Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, ɳ2(partial): Partial eta2. Results shown are from linear mixed model analyses with main effects of condition: eating at night/not eating at night; time: 1830 h, 2130 h, 2400 h and 0400 h and day: Night shift 1–4 and their interactions (condition*day, condition*time and condition*day*time). Denominator df corrected with Satterthwaite approximation and reported to the nearest whole number (F value with degrees of freedom (df) displayed as subscript). Basic repeated measures ANOVAs were run separately to estimate effect size, with small, medium and large effects valued at 0.01, 0.06, and 0.14, respectively52).