Phylogenetic relationships of Malvolio. Duplications are indicated with yellow and major insect groups are indicated pictorially. Included in this tree are mammals [human (Homo sapiens) and mouse (Mus musculus)] and oyster (Crassostera gigas) as outgroups, and all insect orders where we could find homologs of Malvolio including Hemiptera [bed bug (Cimex lectularius), pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), and western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus)], Hymenoptera (bees: Apis dorsata, Apis mellifera, Metamicroptera rotundata; wasps: Orussus abietinus, Microplitis demolitor, Nasonia vitripennis, Trichogramma pretiosum; ants: Acromyrmex echinatior, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, Solenopsis invicta, Ooceraea biroi, Harpegnathos saltator, Linepithema humile), Coleoptera (beetles: Tribolium castaneum, Nicrophorus vespilloides, Anoplophora glabripennis, Dendroctonus ponderosae), and Diptera (flies: Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera dorsalis, Drosophila melanogaster, Musca domestica, Anopheles darlingi).