Table 2.
Mean and standard deviation of surface environmental parameters and abundance, carbon biomass, and primary production of picophytoplankton in the Bohai Sea.
| Marcha | Junea | Septembera | Decembera | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature (°C) | 5.9 ± 2.3 | 21.1 ± 3.5 | 23.6 ± 0.6 | 6.1 ± 1.0 |
| Chlorophyll (mg m-3) | 4.4 ± 1.3 | 4.7 ± 1.3 | 5.4 ± 1.9 | 4.2 ± 1.2 |
| I0 (mol photons m-2 d-1) | 40.4 ± 2.0 | 49.3 ± 2.0 | 35.5 ± 1.6 | 16.2 ± 0.4 |
| Zeu (m) | 8.9 ± 4.3 | 15.1 ± 4.6 | 9.3 ± 3.2 | 6.7 ± 3.0 |
| k490 (m-1) | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.3 ± 0.01 |
| Syn (104 cells mL-1) | 0.15 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 2.0 | 1.4 ± 1.0 | 2.3 ± 1.3 |
| Euk (103 cells mL-1) | 1.1 ± 1.3 | 4.8 ± 6.8 | 3.1 ± 2.4 | 5.7 ± 4.8 |
| BiomassSyn (mg C m-3)b | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 5.7 ± 5.1 | 3.6 ± 2.5 | 6.0 ± 3.3 |
| BiomassEuk (mg C m-3)c | 2.8 ± 3.5 | 12.4 ± 17.6 | 8.0 ± 6.2 | 14.8 ± 12.3 |
| μSyn (d-1) | 0.11 ± 0.02 | 0.55 ± 0.19 | 0.66 ± 0.04 | 0.11 ± 0.01 |
| μEuk (d-1) | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 1.01 ± 0.42 | 1.24 ± 0.10 | 0.15 ± 0.02 |
| PPSyn (mg C m-2 d-1)b | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 35.1 ± 38.2 | 11.6 ± 8.4 | 2.7 ± 1.9 |
| PPEuk (mg C m-2 d-1)c | 3.4 ± 3.8 | 76.3 ± 109.1 | 40.2 ± 46.6 | 15.2 ± 15.4 |
| PPPico (mg C m-2 d-1)d | 3.6 ± 3.9 | 111.4 ± 106.5 | 51.8 ± 52.4 | 17.9 ± 17.0 |
aThe four cruises were conducted from March 26 to April 12, June 10 to July 11, September 9–24, and November 30 to December 8, 2005. bThe average carbon conversion factor for Synechococcus cultures is 255 fg C cell-1 (Buitenhuis et al., 2012). cThe average carbon conversion factor for picoeukaryotes cultures is 2590 fg C cell-1 (Buitenhuis et al., 2012). dPPPico = PPSyn + PPEuk. I0, surface photosynthesis active radiation; k490, diffuse attention coefficients at 490 nm; Syn, Synechococcus; Euk, picoeukaryotes; μ, growth rate; PP, primary production; Pico, picophytoplankton.