Table 4.

List and number (%) of the microbial pathogens^a per species that were detected in the blood^b during the two periods

Microbial pathogen group and species	Control period		Intervention period		Total
Gram-negative bacilli (GNB)
Enterobacteria	66 (29.5)		116 (32.6)		182 (31.4)
Citrobacter freundii	1		0		1
Citrobacter koseri	1		0		1
Enterobacter	11		29		40
Escherichia coli	31		56		87
Klebsiella	18		28		46
Proteus mirabilis	1		1		2
Providencia	0		1		1
Salmonella enterica	2		0		2
Serratia marcescens	1		1		2
Pseudomonas and other strict aerobes bacteria	9 (4.0)		26 (7.3)		35 (6.0)
Acinetobacter sp.	1		1		2
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	8		21		29
Pseudomonas putida	0		1		1
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	0		3		3
Gram-positive cocci (GPC)
Staphylococci	78 (34.8)		104 (29.2)		182 (31.4)
Staphylococcus aureus	17		41		58
Coagulase negative staphylococci	61		63		124
Streptococci and enterococci	56 (25.0)		77 (21.6)		133 (22.9)
Nonhaemolytic streptococci	24		33		57
Haemolytic streptococci	2		1		3
Pneumococci	15		20		35
Enterococcus faecalis	7		15		22
Enterococcus faecium	5		8		13
Other enterococci	3		0		3
Strict anaerobic bacteria	5 (2.2)		8 (2.2)		13 (2.25)
Bacteroides fragilis	0		3		3
Bacteroides merdae	1		0		1
Bacteroides sp.	1		0		1
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron	1		0		1
Bacteroides vulgatus	1		0		1
Bilophila wadsworthia	1		1		2
Desulfovibrio sp.	0		1		1
Clostridium clostridioforme	0		1		1
Clostridium perfringens	0		1		1
Fusobacterium nucleatum	0		2		2
Other bacteria	6 (2.7)		7 (2.0)		13 (2.25)
Bacillus sp.	2		0		2
Corynebacterium sp.	1		3		4
Coxiella sp.	1		0		1
Haemophilus influenzae	1		2		3
Lactobacillus sp.	1		1		2
Neisseria sp.	0		1		1
Fungi
Candida	4 (1.8)		16 (4.5)		20 (3.5)
Candida albicans	2		8		10
Candida glabrata	1		2		3
Candida krusei	0		1		1
Candida parapsilosis	0		1		1
Candida sp.	1		4		5
Aspergillus fumigatus	0		2 (0.6)		2 (0.3)
Total	224 (100)		356 (100)		580 (100)

^aMultiple microbial pathogens could be isolated from one patient

^bPathogens were detected by blood cultures or by the molecular test