Table 2.
Measures during the intervention period
| Control (n = 138) | Intervention (n = 138) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with catecholamines during intervention period, no. (%) | |||
| Dobutamine | 13 (9.4) | 43 (31.2) | <0.001 |
| Epinephrine | 21 (15.2) | 29 (21.2) | 0.201 |
| Norepinephrine | 91 (65.9) | 94 (68.1) | 0.701 |
| Catecholamines during intervention period, median (Q1, Q3), µg/kg | |||
| Dobutamine | 1107.9 (407.6, 1387.6) | 1373.2 (960.7, 1700.0) | 0.093 |
| Epinephrine | 31.6 (9.3, 49.0) | 15.2 (5.5, 30.8) | 0.191 |
| Norepinephrine | 22.7 (7.3, 49.0) | 14.5 (5.2, 39.9) | 0.088 |
| Volume therapy during intervention period, median (Q1, Q3), ml | |||
| Total volume | 2745 (1968, 3625) | 2575 (1965, 3518) | 0.699 |
| Crystalloids | 2220 (1518, 3220) | 2220 (1720, 3220) | 0.470 |
| Colloids | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0.996 |
| Blood products | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0.561 |
| H2O | 250 (0, 613) | 200 (0, 400) | 0.057 |
| MAP, mean (±SD), mmHg | |||
| At randomization | 72 (11) | 73 (11) | 0.324 |
| 3 h | 72 (9) | 75 (10) | 0.017 |
| 6 h | 72 (9) | 73 (10) | 0.217 |
| 9 h | 71 (10) | 74 (9) | 0.007 |
| 12 h | 71 (11) | 75 (9) | 0.005 |
| CVP, mean (±SD), mmHg | |||
| At randomization | 9 (5) | 9 (4) | 0.956 |
| 3 h | 9 (4) | 10 (4) | 0.008 |
| 6 h | 9 (4) | 11 (5) | <0.001 |
| 9 h | 9 (4) | 10 (5) | 0.014 |
| 12 h | 10 (4) | 10 (4) | 0.137 |
| SvO2, mean (±SD), % | |||
| At randomization | 67 (9) | 67 (9) | 0.872 |
| 3 h | 66 (9) | 68 (9) | 0.180 |
| 6 h | 65 (9) | 69 (8) | <0.001 |
| 9 h | 65 (9) | 68 (10) | 0.010 |
| 12 h | 64 (9) | 68 (8) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation within 12 h, no. (%) | 15 (10.9) | 13 (9.4) | 0.690 |
| Hyperglycemiaa, no. (%) | 104 (75.4) | 70 (50.7) | <0.001 |
| ACEi/ARBsb, no. (%) | 42 (30.4) | 15 (10.9) | <0.001 |
| Nephrotoxic agentsc, no. (%) | 22 (15.9) | 18 (13.0) | 0.494 |
| Contrast agents | 19 (13.8) | 11 (8.0) | 0.122 |
| Vancomycin, gentamicin | 6 (4.3) | 9 (6.5) | 0.426 |
| Diureticsd, no. (%) | 113 (81.9) | 103 (74.6) | 0.144 |
| Infections, no./total no. (%) | 11 (8.0) | 9 (6.5) | 0.642 |
| Urine [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7] at 12 h, ng/ml2/1000, median (Q1, Q3) | 0.84 (0.35, 1.57) | 0.58 (0.26, 1.20) | 0.045 |
| Relative change urine [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7] 12 h vs. baseline, ng/ml2/1000, median (Q1, Q3) | 1.13 (0.52, 2.23) | 1.07 (0.38, 1.94) | 0.272 |
ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARBs angiotensin II receptor blockers, CVP central venous pressure, MAP mean arterial pressure, S v O 2 venous oxygen saturation, [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7] tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7
aDefined as prolonged hyperglycemia (blood glucose level ≥150 mg/dl) >3 h within the first 72 h after cardiac surgery
bAngiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers within 48 h after cardiac surgery
cWithin 72 h after cardiac surgery
dDiuretics within 72 h after cardiac surgery