Table 3.
Primary and secondary outcomes
| Control (n = 138) | Intervention (n = 138) | p value | OR (intervention versus control) (95% CI) | RRRa (95% CI) | ARRb (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcome | ||||||||
| AKI within 72 h, no./total no. (%) | 99/138 (71.7) | 76/138 (55.1) | 0.004 | 0.483 (0.293, 0.796) | 23.2% (7.8, 36.1%) | 16.6% (5.5, 27.9%) | ||
| Diagnosis based on, no. (%) | ||||||||
| Creatinine | 14 (14.1) | 10 (13.2) | ||||||
| Urine output | 81 (81.8) | 62 (81.6) | ||||||
| Both | 4 (4.0) | 4 (5.3) | ||||||
| Secondary outcomes | ||||||||
| AKI stage, no./total no. (%) | ||||||||
| 1 | 37/138 (26.8) | 35/138 (25.4) | 0.784 | 0.928 (0.542, 1.588) | 5.4% (–40.7, 36.4%) | 1.4% (–8.9, 11.8%) | ||
| Diagnosis based on, no. (%) | ||||||||
| Creatinine | 12 (32.4) | 9 (25.7) | ||||||
| Urine output | 23 (62.2) | 25 (71.4) | ||||||
| Both | 2 (5.4) | 1 (2.9) | ||||||
| 2 | 45/138 (32.6) | 30/138 (21.7) | 0.042 | 0.574 (0.335, 0.984) | 33.3% (0.8, 55.2%) | 10.9% (0.5, 21.3%) | ||
| Diagnosis based on, no. (%) | ||||||||
| Creatinine | 1 (2.2) | 1 (3.3) | ||||||
| Urine output | 42 (93.3) | 28 (93.3) | ||||||
| Both | 2 (4.4) | 1 (3.3) | ||||||
| 3 | 17/138 (12.3) | 11/138 (8.0) | 0.232 | 0.617 (0.278, 1.370) | 35.3% (–33.0, 68.5%) | 4.3% (–2.8, 11.5%) | ||
| Diagnosis based on, no. (%) | ||||||||
| Creatinine | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0) | ||||||
| Urine output | 16 (94.1) | 9 (81.8) | ||||||
| Both | 0 (0) | 2 (18.2) | ||||||
| Moderate/severe AKI, no./total no. ( %) | 62/138 (44.9) | 41/138 (29.7) | 0.009 | 0.518 (0.316, 0.851) | 33.9% (9.3, 51.8%) | 15.2% (4.0, 26.5%) | ||
| Requirement of RRT within 72 h, no./total no. (%) | 7/138 (5.1) | 10/138 (7.2) | 0.453 | 1.462 (0.540, 3.959) |
–42.9% (–264.5, 44.0%) | –2.2% (–7.8, 3.5%) | ||
| Requirement of RRT during hospital stay, no./total no. (%) | 9/138 (6.5) | 14/138 (10.1) | 0.276 | 1.618 (0.676, 3.874) | –55.6% (–247.4, 30.3%) | –3.6% (–10.1, 2.9%) |
||
| PRD on day 30, no./total no. (%) | 7/126 (5.6) | 14/129 (10.9) | 0.124 | 2.070 (0.806, 5.313) | –95.3% (–367.9, 18.4%) | –5.3% (–12.0, 1.4%) | ||
| PRD on day 60, no./total no. (%) | 6/125 (4.8) | 11/128 (8.6) | 0.228 | 1.865 (0.668, 5.207) | –79.0% (–369.3, 31.7%) | –3.8% (–9.9, 2.3%) | ||
| PRD on day 90, no./total no. (%) | 9/125 (7.2) | 9/126 (7.1) | 0.986 | 0.992 (0.380, 2.587) | 0.8% (–141.6, 59.3%) | 0.1% (–6.3, 6.4%) | ||
| Requirement of RRT on day 30, no./total no. (%) | 3/132 (2.3) | 4/131 (3.1) | 0.722 | 1.354 (0.297, 6.173) | –34.4% (–488.6, 69.3%) | –0.8% (–4.7, 5.4%) | ||
| Requirement of RRT on day 60, no./total no. (%) | 2/132 (1.5) | 4/130 (3.1) | 0.445 | 2.064 (0.371, 11.466) | –103.1% (–989.6, 62.2%) | –1.6% (–5.2, 2.1%) | ||
| Requirement of RRT on day 90, no./total no. (%) | 3/125 (2.4) | 1/126 (0.8) | 0.370 | 0.325 (0.033, 3.171) | 66.9% (–213.6, 96.5%) | 1.6% (–1.5, 4.7%) | ||
| 30-day all cause mortality, no./total no. (%) | 6/138 (4.4) | 7/138 (5.1) | 0.776 | 1.176 (0.385, 3.592) | –16.7% (–238.3, 59.8%) | –0.7% (–5.7, 4.3%) | ||
| 60-day all cause mortality, no./total no. (%) | 6/138 (4.4) | 8/138 (5.8) | 0.583 | 1.354 (0.457, 4.010) | –33.3% (–274.2, 52.5%) | –1.5% (–6.6, 3.7%) | ||
| 90-day all cause mortality, no./total no. (%) | 9/134 (6.7) | 11/137 (8.0) | 0.679 | 1.213 (0.486, 3.028) | –19.5% (–179.2, 48.8%) | –1.3% (–7.5, 4.9%) | ||
| MAKE30, no./total no. (%) | 13/132 (9.9) | 21/136 (15.4) | 0.169 | 1.672 (0.799, 3.495) | –56.8% (–200.0, 18.1%) | –5.6% (–13.5, 2.3%) | ||
| MAKE60, no./total no. (%) | 12/131 (9.2) | 19/136 (14.0) | 0.220 | 1.610 (0.748, 3.466) | –52.5% (–201.6, 22.9%) | –4.8% (–12.5, 2.8%) | ||
| MAKE90, no./total no. (%) | 18/134 (13.4) | 20/137 (14.6) | 0.782 | 1.102 (0.554, 2.189) | –8.7% (–96.2, 39.8%) | –1.2% (–9.4, 7.1%) | ||
| ICU stay, median (Q1, Q3), days | 2 (2, 5) | 3 (2, 5) | 0.392 | 0 (–1, 0) | ||||
| Hospital stay, median (Q1, Q3), days | 11 (8, 17) | 11 (8, 16) | 0.832 | 0 (–1, 1) | ||||
| Duration of ventilator support (Q1, Q3), h | 5 (1, 11) | 6 (2, 12) | 0.540 | 0 (–2, 1) | ||||
aRRR >0 indicates treatment effects in favor of the interventional treatment group
bARR >0 indicates treatment effects in favor of the interventional treatment group