Table 3.

Effects of Nigella sativa supplementation on patients with some diseases of the respiratory system

Disease	Study design	Population	Part of the herb, dose, and duration of treatment	Result	References
Lower respiratory tract illnesses	-	15 asthmatic patients	NS boiled extract(50 and 100 mg/kg)	NS was less effective than theophylline and salbutamol, on pulmonary function tests	[96]
	Controlled clinical trial	29 asthmatic adults	15 mL/kg/day of 0.1% NS boiled extract, 3 months	Prophylactic effects of NS on asthmatic patients	[97]
	Prospective, randomized, open study	84 patients of wheeze associated LRTI	NS oil (0.1 mg/kg), 14 days	More beneficial effects in reducing the pulmonary index and improving the peak expiratory flow rate	[98]
	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial	40 chemical war victims	0.375 mL/kg/day of 50 g NS boiled water extract, 2 months	Prophylactic effect of NS on chemical war victims	[99]
Allergic rhinitis	Single-blind comparative clinical trial	47 untreated adult patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis	NS seeds (250 mg/day), 2 weeks	Decreasing daytime, ophthalmic, and nighttime symptoms	[46]
	Double-blind clinical trial	68 patients with allergic rhinitis	Nasal drops of NS oil (each drop: 15 mL oil), 6 weeks	Notable symptomatic improvement of patients	[47]
Tonsillopharyngitis	Comparative, parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study	186 acute tonsillopharyngitis patients	NSPN capsule (360 mg NS and 50 mg Phyllanthus niruri extracts), thrice/day, 7 days	Treatment of the symptoms of the disease	[44]

NS, Nigella sativa.