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. 2017 Aug;13(3):189–198. doi: 10.2174/1573403X13666170116121451

Table 6.

Unadjusted and covariate adjusted risk of elevated HFABP.

Unadjusted risk
Subgroup Study Risk associated with ‘higher’ HFABP levels in patients with normal troponin levels
Normal troponin levels Viswanathan, 2010 Death or MI HR (95% CI) according to HFABP level
HFABP 0.15-3.26 µg/l HR 1
HFABP 3.27-6.48 µg/l HR 3.46 (1.69 – 7.10) p = 0.001
HFABP 6.49-12.77 µg/l HR 11.20 (4.95-25.36) p <0.001.
HFABP 12.78-151.0 µg/l HR 16.64 (2.21-125.51) p = 0.006.
HFABP >5.3 ♀ and >5.8 ♂
HR 6.57 (3.05 – 14.11) p 0.0001
Subgroup analysis of 384 patients with additional admission sample taken for HFABP
HR 5.08 (1.84 – 14.07) p = 0.002
Normal troponin levels Kilcullen, 2007 HFABP < 6.38µg/l HR 1.
HFABP 6.38-12.39µg/l HR 6.50 (1.53 – 27.71) p = 0.011
HFABP 12.39 – 36.2µg/l HR 5.79 (1.08 – 31.12) p = 0.041
HFABP > 36.2µg/l HR unable to calculate, as no deaths.
Covariate adjusted risk
Subgroup Study Covariates included Risk
Normal troponin levels Viswanathan, 2010 Age, DM, HTN, HF, previous MI, HR, ST depression, Creatinine, troponin. HFABP >5.8µg/l adjusted HR (for GRACE Risk Factors and Hs CRP and tnI as continuous variable)
aHR 11.35 (2 – 64.34, p = 0.006).
Death and MI Adjust HR (age and creatinine):
HFABP 0.15 – 3.26 µg/l HR 1, p = 0.01.
HFABP 3.27 – 6.48 µg/l HR 1.55 (0.72 – 3.36) p = 0.26
HFABP 6.49 – 12.77 µg/l HR 3.12 (1.11 – 8.76) p = 0.03.
HFABP 12.78 – 151.0 µg/l HR 16.67 (2.19 – 127.06) p = 0.007.
Normal troponin levels Kilcullen, 2007 GRACE risk factors, HS CRP and TnI as additional continuous variable All-cause mortality HR if HFABP > 5.8 µg/L
HR 11.35 (2 – 64.34).
STEMI Kilcullen, 2007 GRACE risk factors, HS CRP and TnI as additional continuous variable no deaths in the group with HFABP levels ≤5.8 µg/l.
77 deaths in STEMI subgroup, all HFABP levels >5.8 µg/l.
HR assessment not possible
STEMI Ishii Age, gender, time from onset chest pain, increased cTnT, creatinine, Kilip class >1, anterior AMI, previous history of MI. Cardiac death or MI if HFABP >9.8 µg/L
RR 11.3, 1.41 – 90.6, p=0.02
NSTEMI Kilcullen, 2007 GRACE risk factors, HS CRP and TnI as additional continuous variable All cause mortality
aHR 3.11 (1.45 – 6.7) p = 0.004.
NSTEMI Ishii, 2005 For both UA and NSTEMI patients HFABP >9.8µg/L –
aRR 8.31 (1.76 – 39.1) p = 0.007

MI = Myocardial infarction.