Table 2.

Recent clinical trials using adult stem cells for improving cardiac repair of the ischemic myocardium.

Trial name, Phase, Identifier, Author, Year [Reference Number]	Primary Outcome or Main Clinical Effects	Cell Type, Origin, Route Of Delivery	Patient status, or Trial Inclusion Criteria	Sample Size (n) Follow-up (Years/Months)
CADUCEUS Cardiosphere-Derived Autologous Stem Cells to Reverse Ventricular Dysfunction Phase 1, NCT00893360 Makkar et al., 2012 [22]	Improved LVF ΔLVEF 5.4% (MRI NS), >viable tissue 22.6g <scar mass12g	Autologous CDC Heart IC	Recent MI;<30 d, LVEF 25-45%	25 1 year
SCIPIO Cardiac Stem Cells in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Phase 1, NCT00474461 Bolli et al., 2011 [16]	Improved LVF ΔLVEF >12.0% 3-D ECHO >12.1% MRI >viable cardiac tissue 12,2% <scar mass 15,7g	Autologous c-kit+ CDC Heart IC	ICM No option	16 2 years
TOPCARE-AMI Transplantation of Progenitor Cells and Regeneration Enhancement in Acute Myocardial Infarction Phase 3, RCT NCT00289822 Assmus et al., 2006 [13]	Improved LVEF	Progenitor cells BMSC IC	healed MI	75 3 months
Cardio 133 Intramyocardial delivery of CD133+ bone marrow cells and coronary artery bypass grafting for chronic IHD Phase 3, RCT, NCT00462774 Stamm et al., 2007 [23]	Improved LVEF, IM delivery of BMSC with CABG is safe and provides beneficial effects	BMMNC (CD133+) BM IM CABG	IHD	40 3 years
POSEIDON Percutaneous Stem Cell Injection Delivery Effects on Neomyogenesis Phase 1,2, RCT, NCT01218828 Hare et al., 2012 [24]	No ΔLVEF ↓Infarct size	MSC BM IM Transendo-cardial	ICM, no option LVEF 20-50%	30 13 months
MAGIC Myoblast Autologous Grafting in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Phase 2, RCT, NCT00102128 Menasche et al., 2008 [15]	No ΔLVEF No ΔLVEDV No ΔLVESV	Autologous SM Heart IM CABG	LVEF <35% AMI	97 6 months
REPAIR-AMI Reinfusion of Enriched Progenitor Cells and Infarct Remodeling in Acute Myocardial Infarction Phase 3, RCT, NCT00279175 Schächinger et al., 2006 [25]	Improved LVEF	MSC BM IC	AMI	204 4 months
IMPACT-CABG IMPlantation of Autologous CD133+ sTem Cells in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Phase 1, NCT01467232 Noiseux et al., 2026 [46]	Improved segmental myocardial perfusion, more favorable LV remodeling	Selected autologous CD133(+) & CD133(-) CD34(+) progenitor cells CABG IM	Chronic ICM	24 28 months
REGENERATE-AMI Phase 2, RCT, NCT00765453 Choudry et al., 2016 [47]	Improved LVEF, greater myocardial salvage index	Autologous BMSCs IC (in 24 hours of reperfusion therapy, PPCI)	AMI	100 12 months