Table 4.
Comparison of daily nutritional intake and reference nutrient intakes, median (range) for all nutrients measured at baseline, phase 1 (when study feed replaced one ingredient), and phase 2 (when all modular ingredients were replaced).
| Nutrients | Mean nutrient intake (range) |
Significance Pre-study to phase 1 n = 13 |
Mean nutrient intake (range) Phase 2 (week 79) |
Significance Baseline to phase 2 n = 13 |
% reference nutrient intake |
Significance Pre-study to phase 1 n = 13 |
% reference nutrient intake Phase 2 (week 79) |
Significance Baseline to phase 2 n = 13 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-study (week 8) |
Phase 1 (week 26) |
Baseline (week 8) |
Phase 1 (week 26) |
|||||||
| Energy kcal/kg/d* | 59 (32–82) | 61 (34–87) | p = 0.87 | 48 (33–62) | p = 0.002 | 76 (47–103) | 78 (46–98) | p = 0.06 | 76 (48–86) | p = 0.4 |
| Total protein g/kg (natural and precursor-free l-amino acids) g/kg/d | 1.2 (0.7–1.5) | 1.2 (0.8–1.4) | p = 0.48 | 1.0 (0.6–2.1) | p = 0.002 | 129 (78–153) | 127 (88–164) | p = 0.32 | 111 (67–200) | p = 0.002 |
| Natural protein** g/kg/d | 0.85 (0.5–1.2) | 0.85 (0.5–1.2) | p = 0.3 | 0.9 (0.6–1.1) | p = 0.8 | 94 (56–141) | 91 (56–118) | p = 0.56 | 100 (82–130) | p = 0.8 |
| Precursor-free l-amino acids g/kg/d | 0.35 (0.2–0.7) | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | p = 0.8 | 0.2 (0–1) | p = 0.002 | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
| Calcium mg/d*** | 693 (426–848) | 718 (498–1102) | p = 0.39 | 804 (569–1673) | p = 0.02 | 145 (89–242) | 152 (95–247) | p = 0.43 | 153 (88–200) | p = 0.9 |
| Iron mg/d*** | 12 (6–17) | 12 (6–18) | p = 0.75 | 13.7 (10–27) | p = 0.02 | 142 (87–232) | 147 (87–197) | p = 0.75 | 161 (95–260) | p = 0.4 |
| Zinc mg/d*** | 10.5 (6–14) | 11.5 (6–17) | p = 0.15 | 13.7 (10–26) | p = 0.0005 | 149 (92–240) | 179 (120–243) | p = 0.15 | 183 (138–289 | p = 0.06 |
| Selenium μg/d*** | 30.2 (15–46) | 35.5 (17–68) | p = 0.12 | 41 (29–71) | p = 0.005 | 148 (87–247) | 168 (84–213) | p = 0.1 | 137 (93–195) | p = 0.6 |
| Phosphorous mg/d*** | 508 (308–749) | 553 (291–832) | p = 0.37 | 634 (445–1231) | p = 0.001 | 144 (93–214) | 148 (95–211) | p = 0.36 | 153 (95–250) | p = 0.8 |
| Potassium mmol/d*** | 26.9 (16–46) | 28 (15–48) | p = 0.2 | 37 (26–63) | p = 0.005 | 91 (28–164) | 102 (33–164) | p = 0.06 | 74 (49–143) | p = 0.4 |
| Vitamin D μg/d*** | 13 (8–17) | 15.7 (12–24) | p = 0.04 | 16 (11–29) | p = 0.14 | 179 (114–242) | 214 (171–257) | p = 0.1 | na$ | na |
| Magnesium mg/d*** | 100 (67–173) | 121 (57–278) | p = 0.02 | 145 (102–392) | p = 0.005 | 77 (43–144) | 102 (49–135) | p = 0.02 | 89 (54–140) | P = 0.08 |
| Vitamin B 12 μg/d*** | 2.7 (1.7–3.6) | 3.0 (2–5) | p = 0.01 | 3.0 (3–6) | p = 0.003 | 339 (200–580) | 388 (280–580) | p = 0.04 | 375 (200–600) | p = 0.6 |
| Sodium mmol/d*** | 20 (8–33) | 25 (9–36) | p = 0.002 | 31 (22–42) | p = 0.001 | 61 (29–110) | 72 (34–110) | p = 0.005 | 80 (53–127) | p = 0.03 |
| Docosahexaenoic acid (mg)§ | 0 (0–340) | 96 (32–340) | p = 0.01 | 113 (44–369) | p = 0.0001 | 0 (0–170) | 48 (16–170) | p = 0.005 | 57 (22–185) | p = 0.002 |
| Arachidonic acid (mg) | 0 (0–91) | 96 (32–128) | p = 0.001 | 95 (45–121) | p = 0.0005 | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
| Fluid ml/kg/d§§ | 1087 (630–1430) | 1100 (700–1430) | p = 0.1 | 1200 (900–1890) | p = 0.0005 | 68 (39–89) | 69 (44–89) | p = 0.2 | 70 (53–98) | p = 0.9 |
| Fibre g/d§§§ | 4 (0 − 12) | 4 (0–12) | p = 1 | 4 (0–12) | p = 1 | 20 (0–60) | 20 (0 = 60) | p = 1 | 20 (0 = 60) | p = 1 |
n/a not available, * estimated average requirement ** WHO/FAO/UNU 2007 recommendations *** reference nutrient intake, §food and agriculture organization of united nations (FAO), §§based on Holliday Segar formula for 20 kg child, §§§SACN2015, $no vitamin D RNI available for children > 3 yr.