Table 1.
Patient details. Patients 1–17 are from Ghent University Hospital and Patients 18–26 are from Geneva University Hospital. EMU = epilepsy monitoring unit, PAT = Patient, LE = lobe epilepsy, R = right, L = left, T = temporal, F = frontal, P = Parietal, O = occipital, C = central, inf = inferior, ant = anterior HEM = hemisphere, HIP = hippocampal, DNET = dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, IED = interictal epileptiform discharges, CPS = complex partial seizure, SPS = simple partial seizure, AH = amygdalohippocampectomy, S = selective, y = year, m = month.
| PAT nr. |
Epilepsy type | Age at epilepsy at onset (y) | Age at surgery (y) | EMU interictal EEG | EMU ictal EEG | Invasive EEG | MRI | Surgery | Follow-up duration (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | RFLE | 8 | 30 | Bursts of bilateral slow sharp waves during sleep | Absence of clear ictal discharges, some bilateral and/or RF sharp activity | Low voltage fast activity on electrode grid contacts above cortical dysplasia | RF opercular focal cortical dysplasia | RF opercular lesionectomy | 48 |
| 2 | RTLE | 5 | 48 | RFT IED | RFT rhythmic delta activity | / | R HIP atrophy | R SAH | 36 |
| 3 | RTLE | 6 | 33 | RFT IED | RT and hemispheric rhythmic theta activity | / | R HIP atrophy and secondary sclerosis of R ant T pole | R SAH | 36 |
| 4 | RTLE | 15 | 22 | RFT IED | RFT rhythmic theta-delta activity | / | R HIP atrophy | R SAH | 36 |
| 5 | RTLE | 18 | 55 | RFT IED | RFT and CP rhythmic theta activity | Low voltage fast activity RT neocortical grid electrodes + early R HIP electrode involvement | No epileptogenic lesion | RT neocortical topectomy + SAH | 33 |
| 6 | RTLE | 20 | 35 | RFT IED | RFT rhythmic theta-delta activity with early L HEM involvement | / | R gyrus T inf DNET | R basoT lesionectomy | 18 |
| 7 | RTLE | 12 | 27 | RFT IED | RFT rhythmic theta activity | / | R HIP atrophy | R SAH | 29 |
| 8 | LOLE | 48 | 49 | LF & LFT IED | LPO low voltage fast activity & LT rhythmic theta activity | Low voltage fast activity on LO grid electrode contacts | LO cystic lesion | LO lesionectomy | 25 |
| 9 | LTLE | 19 | 54 | LF & LT IED & infrequent RT IED | L generalized decrement followed by LT rhythmic theta activity | L HIP fast & rhythmic polyspike activity | L HIP atrophy | L SAH | 21 |
| 10 | LTLE | 18 | 28 | LFT IED | L HEM or bilateral rhythmic theta-delta activity | L HIP rhythmic spike activity | LT cavernous hemangioma | L 2/3 ant T lobectomy | 20 |
| 11 | RTLE | 24 | 50 | RFT IED | RFT rhythmic theta activity | / | R HIP atrophy | R SAH | 12 |
| 12 | RTLE | 24 | 26 | RFT IED | Bilateral T rhythmic theta activity | R HIP and inf T rhythmic activity | R ant inf T gyrus abnormal structure | R 2/3 ant T lobectomy | 65 |
| 13 | LTLE | 31 | 36 | LFT IED | LFT rhythmic activity | / | Lesion L inf T gyrus | LT lesionectomy | 56 |
| 14 | LTLE | 40 | 49 | LFT IED | LFT rhythmic theta-activity | Rhythmic low voltage delta activity with spiking on basal ant T grid electrodes with early spread to HIP electrodes | LT, L precentral & inf P posttraumatic atrophy | L 2/3 ant T lobectomy + corticectomy of post basal T neocortex | 47 |
| 15 | RTLE | 35 | 42 | RFT IED | RFT rhythmic delta activity | / | R HIP atrophy | R SAH | 26 |
| 16 | LTLE | 36 | 40 | No IED | LFT rhythmic delta activity | / | L HIP atrophy | L SAH | 48 |
| 17 | RTLE | 4 | 18 | RFT IED | R HEM theta-delta activity | / | R HIP atrophy | R SAH | 48 |
| 18 | LTLE | 31 | 43 | LFT slow sharp waves | L HEM rhythmic delta activity | / | L HIP atrophy | L SAH | 12 |
| 19 | RTLE | 11 | 16 | RT IED | RT delayed onset with slow sharp waves | R amygdala/HIP rhythmic beta activity | R HIP atrophy | R 2/3 ant T lobectomy | 60 |
| 20 | LFLE | 1 | 12 | LCP IED | LFC beta rhythm evolving to FC rhythmic sharp waves | LF tuber rhythmic beta activity evolving to LFC tuber rhythmic beta activity | Tuberous sclerosis | LF and LFC lesionectomy (tuber) | 60 |
| 21 | LTLE | 1 | 11 | Bilateral FT IED & LT slow waves | L HEM rhythmic slowing propagating to R HEM, then LT rhythmic theta activity | L lateral temporal | No epileptogenic lesion | L 2/3 ant T lobectomy sparing AH | 96 |
| 22 | LTLE | 1 | 12 | Multifocal L IED | Successive bursts of rhythmic polyspike-waves with LFC onset | RT pole rhythmic beta activity propagating to basal RT | Tuberous sclerosis | L 2/3 ant T lobectomy | 48 |
| 23 | RTLE | 9 | 32 | RT IED | LPO rhythmic theta activity | R HIP rhythmic beta activity evolving to alpha and delta | R HIP atrophy | R 2/3 ant T lobectomy | 84 |
| 24 | RTLE | 25 | 37 | RFT IED | RT rhythmic theta activity ➔ RT rhythmic spiking ➔ contralateral diffusion | / | R HIP atrophy | R 2/3 ant T lobectomy | 54 |
| 25 | RTLE | 20 | 43 | RTP IED | RT rhythmic theta activity | / | R HIP atrophy | R 2/3 ant T lobectomy | 48 |
| 26 | RTLE | 20 | 37 | RTP IED | Rhythmic RFT delta activity with spikes ➔ R HEM sharp waves max. FT | / | RF focal cortical dysplasia | RF lesionectomy | 48 |
| 27 | RTLE | 25 | 30 | RT IED | R HEM rhythmic alpha activity with max RT | / | RT pole and amygdala dysplasia | R 2/3 ant T lobectomy with limited HIP resection | 24 |
| Mean | 18.8 | 33.9 | 42.1 | ||||||
| Median | 19 | 35 | 47 | ||||||
| Std | 12.6 | 13.1 | 20.5 |