Table 2.
Dietary intakes of energy and nutrients in children with CKD by age at baseline.
| 2–3 years old n=39 |
4–8 years old n=164 |
9–13 years old n=235 |
14–18 years old n=220 |
Overall N=658 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy | |||||
| kcal/kg/day | 101 (85, 137) | 86 (63, 109) | 46 (32, 65) | 37 (27, 51) | 52 (34, 80) |
| %EER | 114 (98, 163) | 119 (93, 156) | 91 (66, 125) | 92 (70, 125) | |
| Carbohydrate | |||||
| g/kg/day | 14.3 (11.1, 18.8) | 11.6 (8.2, 15.0) | 5.8 (4.1, 8.5) | 5.0 (3.5, 7.2) | 6.8 (4.4, 10.6) |
| % energy* | 53 (50, 60) | 53 (49, 58) | 52 (47, 56) | 54 (49, 59) | |
| Fat | |||||
| g/kg/day | 3.8 (3.2, 5.3) | 3.1 (2.4, 4.3) | 1.8 (1.2, 2.4) | 1.4 (1.0, 2.0) | 2.0 (1.3, 3.1) |
| % energy* | 34 (30, 38) | 35 (32, 38) | 35 (31, 39) | 34 (30, 37) | |
| Protein | |||||
| g/kg/day | 3.4 (3.0,4.8) | 2.8 (2.1, 3.8) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.2) | 1.3 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.8 (1.2, 2.7) |
| % energy* | 13 (12, 15) | 14 (12, 15) | 14 (12, 16) | 14 (12, 15) | |
| %RDA | 456 ± 168 | 365 ± 172 | 209 ± 119 | 168 ± 85 | |
| Sodium | |||||
| mg/day/kg | 154 (126, 208) | 122 (95, 183) | 74 (49, 99) | 62 (42, 84) | 83 (55, 122) |
| %AI | 238 ± 95 | 265 ± 117 | 207 ± 84 | 274 ± 115 | |
| Potassium | |||||
| mg/kg/day | 146 (125, 202) | 108 (79, 135) | 58 (40, 79) | 49 (33, 66) | 66 (42, 102) |
| %AI | 46 ± 15 | 54 ± 25 | 53 ± 22 | 69 ± 31 | |
| Phosphorus | |||||
| mg/kg/day | 72 (57, 92) | 52 (36, 67) | 28 (20, 38) | 21(15, 32) | 31 (20, 49) |
| %RDA | 81 ± 25 | 98 ± 45 | 96 ± 38 | 116 ± 49 |
*
Percentage of energy derived from macronutrients; EER – Estimated Energy Requirement, AI – Adequate Intake, RDA – Recommended Dietary Allowance, CKD – Chronic Kidney Disease