Fig. 4.

Mitigation of the abnormal astrocytic GABA in 5xFAD mice with Gad67 haploinsufficiency. a The GABA content level (red) is abnormally enhanced in astrocytes (pseudo colored in green for merge purpose) in 5xFAD mice brain while it is under detectable level in AD-negative mice (the normal condition). Notably, the astrocytic GABA content level is significantly reduced in Gad67 haploinsufficiency 5xFAD brain. Arrowhead: GABA positive cells (red). Arrow: astrocytic GABA (red). Dotted line circled regions were zoomed in and were shown in the lower left corner of each micrograph. Scale bar represents 30 μm. b Quantification data showing the significant reduction of astrocytic GABA in frontal cortex (FCX), piriform cortex (PIRC) and CA1 region of the bigenic (AD+GG+) brain than the 5xFAD mice of similar age. N = 6 mice of 10–11 months age in each genotype groups (AD-GG-, AD-GG+, AD+GG-, AD+GG+). Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m., * p  < 0.05; ** p  < 0.01; *** p  < 0.001; one-way ANOVA with the Tukey’s post-hoc test when comparing multiple groups