Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of all participates in this study
| Items | PDD group (n = 46) | PD group (n = 52) | Controls (n = 40) | Statistics | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 68.9 ± 9.9 | 66.9 ± 8.3 | 64.8 ± 9.9 | 2.081* | 0.129 |
| Male | 30 (65.2) | 38 (73.1) | 27 (67.5) | 0.750† | 0.687 |
| Duration (years) | 6.7 ± 2.5 | 6.0 ± 3.5 | – | 1.052‡ | 0.295 |
| Dominant motor symptom | –† | 0.086 | |||
| Tremor dominant | 12 (26.1) | 24 (46.2) | – | ||
| Akinetic rigid | 28 (60.9) | 25 (48.1) | – | ||
| Mixed type | 6 (13.0) | 3 (5.7) | – | ||
| UPDRS-III score | 23.8 ± 8.9 | 21.6 ± 7.2 | – | 1.383‡ | 0.170 |
| H-Y stage | 2.5 (2.0, 2.5) | 2.0 (1.5, 2.5) | – | −1.899§ | 0.058 |
| NMSQ | 8.6 ± 4.1 | 7.3 ± 3.9 | – | 1.660‡ | 0.100 |
| MMSE | 22.9 ± 2.3 | 28.2 ± 1.3 | 27.7 ± 1.4 | 93.325|| | <0.001 |
| MoCA | 18.0 ± 4.0 | 25.2 ± 3.4 | 26.8 ± 1.0 | 78.866|| | <0.001 |
The data are given as mean ± SD, median (Q1, Q3), or n (%). *One-way analysis of variance; †Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test; ‡t-test; §Mann-Whitney U-test; ||Kruskal-Wallis H-test. PDD: Parkinson's disease dementia; PD: Parkinson's disease; UPDRS-III: Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III, motor part; H-Y stage: Hoehn and Yahr stage; NMSQ: Nonmotor Symptoms Questionnaire; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; SD: Standard deviation; –: Not available.