Figure 1. .

The impact rig consists of (1) a National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment–certified headform with (2) the test helmet fitted and secured according to standard protocols. The headform and helmet are attached to (3) the drop carriage, which is a rigid frame that slides smoothly over (7) two 1/8-in (0.3175-cm) piano wires. The headform-helmet system strikes a (4) 1/2-in (1.27-cm) Modular Elastomer Programmer test pad (Cadex Electronics Inc, Richmond, BC, Canada) secured to (5) an anvil and (6) an anvil base plate for stability. (8) A motor moves the drop carriage up to the correct height so that it can achieve the preset impact velocity after the drop.