Table 3.
Subclinical Brain Lesions and Mortality by Race/Ethnicity
| Mortality | Sample | No. of Event | Rate (1/1000 PYS) | Model | Per SD of ln(WMHV, 1/TIV%) | SBI (Yes vs No) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI)a | P Value | HR (95% CI)a | P Value | |||||
| All | NH‐white (n=191) | 59 | 39.9 | Unadjusted | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) | <0.001 | 1.3 (0.7–2.5) | 0.402 |
| Adjusteda | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 0.056 | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.472 | ||||
| NH‐black (n=222) | 60 | 34.9 | Unadjusted | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 0.004 | 1.4 (0.8–2.4) | 0.284 | |
| Adjusteda | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 0.788 | 0.7 (0.4–1.5) | 0.397 | ||||
| Hispanic (n=845) | 116 | 18.0 | Unadjusted | 1.9 (1.6–2.3) | <0.001 | 2.7 (1.8–4.1) | <0.001 | |
| Adjusteda | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | <0.001 | 1.7 (1.1–2.7) | 0.017 | ||||
| P for heterogeneityb | Unadjusted | 0.166 | 0.073 | |||||
| Adjusteda | 0.167 | 0.059 | ||||||
| Vascular | NH‐white (n=191) | 21 | 14.2 | Unadjusted | 2.3 (1.5–3.6) | <0.001 | 1.6 (0.6–4.3) | 0.382 |
| Adjusteda | 2.0 (1.2–3.3) | 0.008 | 1.0 (0.3–2.9) | 0.954 | ||||
| NH‐black (n=222) | 21 | 12.2 | Unadjusted | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 0.465 | 1.6 (0.6–4.0) | 0.369 | |
| Adjusteda | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.665 | 1.1 (0.4–3.3) | 0.849 | ||||
| Hispanic (n=845) | 38 | 5.9 | Unadjusted | 2.3 (1.7–3.1) | <0.001 | 4.2 (2.2–8.1) | <0.001 | |
| Adjusteda | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) | 0.015 | 2.9 (1.4–5.8) | 0.004 | ||||
| P for heterogeneityb | Unadjusted | 0.012 | 0.132 | |||||
| Adjusteda | 0.040 | 0.153 | ||||||
| Nonvascular | NH‐white (n=191) | 31 | 21.5 | Unadjusted | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) | 0.061 | 1.2 (0.5–3.0) | 0.625 |
| Adjusteda | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 0.311 | 0.7 (0.3–2.1) | 0.629 | ||||
| NH‐black (n=222) | 28 | 16.2 | Unadjusted | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 0.064 | 0.8 (0.3–2.1) | 0.635 | |
| Adjusteda | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 0.999 | 0.4 (0.1–1.2) | 0.089 | ||||
| Hispanic (n=845) | 74 | 11.5 | Unadjusted | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | <0.001 | 2.3 (1.3–3.9) | 0.003 | |
| Adjusteda | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 0.007 | 1.3 (0.8–2.5) | 0.287 | ||||
| P for heterogeneityb | Unadjusted | 0.398 | 0.126 | |||||
| Adjusteda | 0.664 | 0.173 | ||||||
CI indicates confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; ln, natural log transformed; PYS, person‐years; Q, quartile; SBI, subclinical brain infarction; TIV, total intracranial volume; WMHV, white matter hyperintensity volume.
HRs and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, medical insurance status, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, moderate alcohol drinking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, history of atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction.
Weighted sums‐of‐squares Q statistics were computed to test for heterogeneity in effect sizes of WMHV and SBI across racial and ethnic groups.