Table 2.
Characteristics of Patients, Stratified by Stroke Subtype
| Characteristica | ESUS (N=243) | Small‐ or Large‐Artery Stroke (N=269) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 66.0 (16.0) | 69.7 (12.9) | 0.03 |
| Female | 126 (51.9) | 104 (38.7) | 0.003 |
| Race | 0.23 | ||
| White | 219 (90.1) | 226 (84.0) | |
| Black | 13 (5.4) | 22 (8.2) | |
| Hispanic | 3 (1.2) | 7 (2.6) | |
| Other | 8 (3.3) | 14 (5.2) | |
| Payment source | 0.36 | ||
| Medicare | 105 (43.2) | 125 (46.5) | |
| Medicaid | 42 (17.3) | 52 (19.3) | |
| Private | 92 (37.9) | 84 (31.2) | |
| Other | 4 (1.7) | 8 (3.0) | |
| Initial SBP, mean (SD) | 151 (29) | 159 (32) | 0.009 |
| Hypertension | 151 (62.1) | 216 (80.3) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 50 (20.6) | 100 (37.2) | <0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease | 33 (13.6) | 53 (19.7) | 0.06 |
| Congestive heart failure | 4 (1.7) | 4 (1.5) | 0.89 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 8 (3.3) | 12 (4.5) | 0.50 |
| Dyslipidemia | 105 (43.2) | 151 (56.1) | 0.003 |
| Initial serum creatinine,b mean (SD) | 1.05 (0.90) | 1.12 (0.80) | 0.24 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 5 (2.1) | 4 (1.5) | 0.62 |
| Valvular disease | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | 0.94 |
| Prior stroke | 44 (18.1) | 73 (27.1) | 0.02 |
| Tobacco use | 20 (8.2) | 34 (12.6) | 0.11 |
| Drug or alcohol use | 3 (1.2) | 4 (1.5) | 0.81 |
| Insular infarction | 34 (14.0) | 27 (10.0) | 0.17 |
| NIHSS, median (IQR) | 3 (1–7) | 3 (1–7) | 0.77 |
| Stroke onset to cTn testingc, mean (SD) | 1.8 (0.3) | 2.2 (0.3) | 0.12 |
| Baseline antithrombotic use | 95 (39.1) | 137 (50.9) | 0.007 |
cTn indicates cardiac troponin; ESUS, embolic stroke of undetermined significance; IQR, interquartile range; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
a
Data are presented as number (%) unless otherwise specified.
b
Serum creatinine expressed as mg/dL.
c
Onset to cTn expressed in hours.