Table 3.
Characteristics of Propensity Score–Matched Patients Undergoing Isolated Surgical AVR Between 2003 and 2014
| Characteristic | Male (n=28 237) | Female (n=28 237) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 68 (13.3) | 68 (14.1) | 0.561 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.988 | ||
| White | 23 721 (84) | 23 732 (84) | |
| Black | 1475 (5.2) | 1469 (5.2) | |
| Hispanic | 1591 (5.6) | 1560 (5.5) | |
| Medical comorbidity, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 18 255 (64.6) | 18 278 (64.7) | 0.846 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6757 (23.9) | 6774 (24) | 0.874 |
| Prior sternotomy | 1017 (3.6) | 960 (3.4) | 0.262 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 5713 (20.2) | 5708 (20.2) | 0.966 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 11 429 (40.5) | 11 537 (40.9) | 0.354 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 716 (2.5) | 687 (2.4) | 0.45 |
| Anemia | 5259 (18.6) | 5293 (18.7) | 0.72 |
| Coagulopathy | 6166 (21.8) | 6136 (21.7) | 0.767 |
| Conduction abnormalities | 936 (3.3) | 924 (3.3) | 0.796 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 4586 (16.2) | 4634 (16.4) | 0.586 |
| Chronic renal disease | 2781 (9.8) | 2782 (9.9) | 0.99 |
| Coronary artery disease | 6905 (24.5) | 6943 (24.6) | 0.714 |
| Metastatic cancer | 41 (0.1) | 39 (0.1) | 0.911 |
| Liver disease | 368 (1.3) | 375 (1.3) | 0.825 |
| Aortic prosthesis | |||
| Bioprosthetic | 16 954 (60) | 16 961 (60.1) | 0.958 |
| Mechanical | 11 324 (40.1) | 11 313 (40.1) | 0.931 |
| Concomitant procedures, n (%) | |||
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 109 (0.4) | 103 (0.4) | 0.73 |
| IABP/LV assist device use | 549 (1.9) | 529 (1.9) | 0.557 |
| Hospital characteristics, n (%) | |||
| Teaching hospital | 19 207 (68) | 19 207 (68) | 0.99 |
| Hospital bed size | 0.617 | ||
| Small | 1874 (6.6) | 1868 (6.6) | |
| Medium | 5075 (18) | 5068 (17.9) | |
| Large | 21 288 (75.4) | 21 301 (75.4) | |
| Rural location | 1012 (3.6) | 1029 (3.6) | 0.719 |
| Nonelective admission status, n (%) | 7957 (28.2) | 7968 (28.2) | 0.962 |
| Primary payer, n (%) | 0.165 | ||
| Medicare/Medicaid | 19 489 (69) | 19 301 (68.4) | |
| Private including HMO | 7648 (27.1) | 7818 (27.7) | |
| Self‐pay/no charge/other | 1100 (3.9) | 1118 (4) | |
| Median household income, n (%) | 0.866 | ||
| 0 to 25th percentiles | 6257 (22.2) | 6232 (22.1) | |
| 26th to 50th percentiles | 7303 (25.9) | 7342 (26) | |
| 51st to 75th percentiles | 7357 (26.1) | 7352 (26) | |
| 76th to 100th percentiles | 7320 (25.9) | 7311 (25.9) | |
AVR indicates aortic valve replacement; HMO, health maintenance organization; IABP, intra‐aortic balloon pump; LV, left ventricular.