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. 2017 Oct 9;7:12839. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12943-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Model Probability of Being a Harmful Drug (D or X) in the Fetal Loss Model vs. Proportion with Fetal Loss: Investigation of Nervous System Medications that Are Predicted Harmful vs. Predicted Safe and Affect On Risk of Fetal Loss. The overall average proportion of fetal loss for all predicted safe and harmful medications across the different trimester exposure points are presented (upper left-hand plot). Predicted harmful drugs (probability of harmful >=0.50) increased the risk of fetal loss especially following first trimester exposure (upper right-hand plot). The anti-depressant Haloperidol 5 MG, predicted harmful by our model, is compared to the SSRI anti-depressant medication – Citalopram 10 MG, predicted safe by our model, with the former experiencing greater rates of fetal loss following exposure (lower left-hand plot). Haloperidol 5 MG is also compared to the epilepsy medication Levetiracetam 500 MG, predicted safe by our model, with haloperidol again experiencing greater rates of fetal loss following exposure (lower right-hand plot). For drugs predicted as harmful in the fetal loss model, there was an increase in fetal loss rates following exposures when compared to those predicted as safe. Red dashed horizontal lines indicate the CDC reported background rate of 35% fetal loss.