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. 2017 Oct 9;7:12871. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13265-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Overlap in miRNA expression between mice following chronic CS exposure and patients with COPD. (a) Differential miRNA expression was evaluated in lung tissue of mice that were exposed to 24 weeks of air or CS (n = 8 per group), and in lung tissue of current smoking patients with COPD GOLD II (n = 12) compared to never-smokers (n = 8). (b) Differential miRNA expression was evaluated in lung tissue of mice that were exposed to 24 weeks of air or CS, and in bronchial biopsies of current smoking patients with COPD GOLD II-III (n = 42) compared to ex-smoking patients with COPD GOLD II-III (n = 21). (c) Differential miRNA expression was evaluated in cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice that were exposed to 24 weeks of air or CS (n = 8 per group), and in induced sputum supernatant of current smoking patients with COPD GOLD I-II (n = 12) compared to never-smokers (n = 10). Numbers of differentially expressed miRNAs are represented as well as the number of overlapping miRNAs. For the overlapping miRNAs, the direction of change in expression following chronic CS exposure /current smoking and having COPD is indicated with arrows. The level of change in miRNA expression can be found in the online supplement (Tables S2–4). COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.