Table 6. Characteristics of misclassified and properly classified law-enforcement-related deaths in the National Vital Statistics System, based on incidents identified in The Counted (US, 2015).

Characteristic	Misclassified cases	Properly classified cases	Total cases	Percent misclassified (95% CI)	p-Value (χ2 test of independence)1
Total sample	547	444	991	55.2%	n/a
Individual-level characteristics
Age
Less than 18 years	11	5	16	68.8% (41.3, 89.0)	0.27
18 to 44 years	395	306	701	56.3% (52.6, 60.1)
45 years and older	141	130	271	52.0% (45.9, 58.1)
Missing	0	0	0	n/a
Gender
Men	526	429	955	55.1% (51.9, 58.3)	0.70
Women	21	15	36	58.3% (40.8, 74.9)
Missing	0	0	0	n/a
Race/ethnicity2
Black	162	103	265	61.1% (55.0, 67.0)	0.04
White	266	250	516	51.6% (47.1, 55.9)
Hispanic	97	67	164	59.1% (51.2, 66.7)
American Indian/Alaska Native	6	5	11	54.5% (23.4, 83.3)
Asian/Pacific Islander	8	13	21	38.1% (18.1, 61.2)
Missing	8	6	14	57.1% (28.9, 82.3)
Mechanism of death
Firearm	486	434	920	52.8% (49.5, 56.1)	<0.01
Non-firearm	61	10	71	85.9% (75.6, 93.0)
Missing	0	0	0	n/a
County-level characteristics
Death investigator type
Medical examiner	320	262	582	55.0% (50.8, 59.1)	0.90
Coroner (elected)	212	168	380	55.8% (50.6, 60.9)
Coroner (appointed)	15	14	29	51.7% (32.5, 70.6)
Missing	0	0	0	n/a
Urbanization
Large metro–central	210	148	358	58.7% (53.4, 63.8)	0.32
Large metro–fringe	85	86	171	49.7% (42.0, 57.4)
Medium metro	129	94	223	57.8% (51.1, 64.4)
Small metro	35	35	70	50.0% (37.8, 62.2)
Micropolitan	37	34	71	52.1% (40.0, 64.1)
Non-core	51	47	98	52.0% (41.2, 62.2)
Missing	0	0	0	n/a
County median income (quintiles)
Q5 (highest income)	76	122	198	38.4% (31.6, 45.5)	<0.01
Q4	111	78	189	58.7% (51.4, 65.8)
Q3	116	85	201	57.7% (50.6, 64.6)
Q2	124	72	196	63.3% (56.1, 70.0)
Q1 (lowest income)	120	87	207	58.0% (50.9, 64.8)
Missing	0	0	0	n/a

¹p-Values are not adjusted for clustering and are therefore biased downward for county-level variables.

²Other than Hispanic, all races are non-Hispanic.

n/a, not applicable.