Table 1. Clinical characteristics between the participants with or without chronic kidney disease.
| Characteristics | Number of data | Total | CKD (N = 432) |
Control (N = 4382) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 4814 | 47.3±6.25 | 50.2±4.76 | 47.0±6.30 | <0.001* |
| Body mass index | 4814 | 23.7±3.44 | 24.7±3.50 | 23.6±3.42 | <0.001* |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 4814 | 121.2±13.8 | 123.6±14.0 | 121.0±13.7 | <0.001* |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 4810 | 76.9±10.1 | 79.7±9.74 | 76.6±10.1 | <0.001* |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 4814 | 14.1±3.62 | 16.6±5.61 | 13.9±3.26 | <0.001* |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 4814 | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | <0.001* |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 4814 | 77.6±14.4 | 52.8±7.84 | 80.0±12.5 | <0.001* |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 4814 | 6.08±1.28 | 6.89±1.36 | 6.01±1.25 | 0.039* |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 4814 | 203.8±33.7 | 207.0±35.1 | 203.5±33.5 | 0.096 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 4813 | 102 (70–153) | 111 (79–167.5) | 101 (70–150) | <0.001* |
| High density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 4814 | 58.2±15.1 | 57.0±16.1 | 58.3±15.0 | 0.10 |
| Low density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 4814 | 123.2±30.4 | 126.5±31.1 | 122.9±30.3 | 0.018* |
| Fasting blood glucose | 4814 | 92 (87–99) | 94 (88–101) | 92 (87–99) | 0.0032* |
| HbA1c | 4814 | 5.32±0.64 | 5.34±0.59 | 5.32±0.64 | 0.55 |
| Urinary protein positivity on dipstick | 4814 | 263, 5.46% | 59, 13.66% | 204, 4.66% | <0.001* |
| Lifestyle | |||||
| Exercise habits | 4805 | <0.001* | |||
| None | 1562, 32.51% | 100, 23.26% | 1462, 33.42% | ||
| <6 days per week | 2425, 50.47% | 248, 57.67% | 2177, 49.76% | ||
| Every day | 818, 17.02% | 82, 19.07% | 736, 16.82% | ||
| Drinking habits | 4806 | <0.001* | |||
| None | 1130, 23.51% | 113, 26.28% | 1017, 23.24% | ||
| <2 days per week | 1168, 24.3% | 123, 28.6% | 1045, 23.88% | ||
| 3–6 days per week | 780, 16.23% | 77, 17.91% | 703, 16.06% | ||
| Every day | 1728, 35.96% | 117, 27.21% | 1611, 36.81% | ||
| Smoking | 4810 | 1783, 37.07% | 87, 20.19% | 1696, 38.73% | <0.001* |
| Stress | 4806 | 3921, 81.59% | 339, 78.84% | 3582, 81.86% | 0.12 |
CKD, chronic kidney disease. Continuous data are presented as mean ± SD or medians (1st quartile, 3rd quartile) and categorical data as n values (%).
*P value < 0.05.