Table 1.

Temporal patterns in element levels (ng·g⁻¹, dry weight) in feathers of Red Knot, Sanderling, and Semipalmated Sandpipers from Delaware Bay, NJ, USA.

		1991–1992			1995			2011–2012			Temporal Kruskal-Wallis Chi-Square (p)
		Analyzed in 2013			Analyzed in 2013
		Mean ± STD Error			Mean ± STD Error			Mean ± STD Error
Red Knot	n		16						30
	Arsenic	209	±	22				446	±	42	15.4 (<0.0001)
	Cadmium	19	±	4				17	±	2	NS
	Chromium	291	±	42				578	±	83	7.6 (0.006)
	Lead	139	±	13				484	±	67	24.3 (<0.0001)
	Mercury	791	±	77				576	±	105	5.0 (0.03)
	Selenium	7550	±	536				4835	±	432	13.0 (0.0003)
Sanderling	n		12						20
	Arsenic	238	±	39				311	±	64	NS
	Cadmium	14	±	3				11	±	3	NS
	Chromium	764	±	260				463	±	62	NS
	Lead	268	±	52				367	±	52	NS
	Mercury	2007	±	352				730	±	109	8.5 (0.004)
	Selenium	2063	±	266				3057	±	781	NS
Semipalmated Sandpiper	n		12			28			30
	Arsenic	1140	±	217	563	±	52	842	±	101	7.7 (0.02)
	Cadmium	48	±	9	25	±	7	14	±	3	18.1 (0.0001)
	Chromium	1149	±	294	450	±	66	523	±	64	11.0 (0.004)
	Lead	849	±	165	553	±	70	411	±	46	9.2 (0.01)
	Mercury	420	±	82	509	±	31	428	±	58	NS
	Selenium	3462	±	604	4165	±	434	5802	±	562	7.0 (0.03)
Species Comparisons Chi-Square (p)
	Arsenic	15.0 (0.0005)						25.4 (<0.0001)
	Cadmium	15.3 (0.0005)						2.9 (NS)
	Chromium	12.1 (0.002)						0.7 (NS)
	Lead	21.1 (<0.0001)						0.8 (NS)
	Mercury	15.3 (0.0005)						5.1 (NS)
	Selenium	24.8 (<0.0001)						17.6 (0.0001)