Table 2.
List of five major compounds, chromatogram percentage area, height, retention time and biological activity of AP, CX, CZ, EP and OS detected by GC–MS.
| Herb | Compound | Area% | Height% | Retention time | Biological Activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AP | Octadecanoic acid methyl ester Other names: Stearic acid methyl ester, Methyl stearate Mol. Formula: C18H38O2 |
22.27 | 27.95 | 36.809 | Anti-viral, anti-microbial31 |
| 1,2-Cyclopentanedione Other names: - Mol. Formula: C5H6O2 |
8.50 | 12.79 | 6.863 | NA | |
| Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester Other names: - Mol. Formula: C21H42O4 |
6.82 | 4.90 | 46.755 | Co-solvents, oil carrier, antioxidant, anti-acne66 | |
| n-Undecane Other names: Hendecane Mol. Formula: C11H24 |
6.47 | 4.70 | 11.827 | NA | |
| Tetraacetyl-d-xylonic nitrile Other names: (2,3,4-triacetyloxy-5-cyano-5-oxopentyl) acetate Mol. Formula: C14H17NO9 |
3.97 | 1.98 | 25.861 | Antioxidant, anti-cancer67 | |
| CX | Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester Other names: Stearic acid methyl ester, Methyl stearate Mol. Formula: C18H38O2 |
19.56 | 20.78 | 36.798 | Anti-viral, anti-microbial31 |
| Xanthorrhizol Other names: 2-methyl-5-[(2r)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]phenol Mol. Formula: C15H22O |
18.12 | 19.29 | 29.201 | Antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, nephroprotective and hepatoprotective35 | |
| Benzene, 1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl- Other names: Curcumene, Ar-Curcumene, 2-Methyl-6-p-tolyl-2-heptene, Alpha-Curcumene Mol. Formula: C15H22 |
6.43 | 7.37 | 22.690 | Antioxidant, anti-viral, anti-ulcer68 | |
| 4-vinylquaiacol Other names: 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol Mol. Formula: C9H10O2 |
4.62 | 5.08 | 18.069 | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory69 | |
| beta.-Elemenone Other names: – Mol. Formula: C15H22O |
4.39 | 4.51 | 25.716 | NA | |
| CZ | Coumarin Other names: 2H-Chromen-2-one Mol. Formula: C9H6O2 |
21.14 | 21.93 | 21.505 | Anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, – anti-hypertensive, anti-tubercular, anti-convulsant, anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective, anti-tumor, anti-HIV agents, CNS-active compounds32, 33, 50, 51 |
| Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester Other names: Stearic acid methyl ester, Methyl stearate Mol. Formula: C18H38O2 |
14.92 | 17.64 | 36.797 | Anti-viral, anti-microbial31 | |
| n-Undecane Other names: Hendecane Mol. Formula: C11H24 |
5.16 | 3.35 | 11.824 | NA | |
| Cinnamaldehyde Other names: Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Mol. Formula: C9H8O |
4.20 | 4.64 | 16.889 | Anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritis, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-obesity, neuroprotective,43, 52 | |
| Formic acid, 2-propenyl ester Other names: Formic acid, allyl ester, Allyl formate Mol. Formula: C4H6O2 |
3.26 | 2.46 | 8.471 | NA | |
| EP | Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester Other names: Stearic acid methyl ester, Methyl stearate Mol. Formula: C18H38O2 |
22.09 | 15.67 | 36.734 | An-tiviral, anti-microbial31 |
| Coumarin Other names: 2H-Chromen-2-one Mol. Formula: C9H6O2 |
20.56 | 14.56 | 21.515 | Anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, – anti-hypertensive, anti-tubercular, anti-convulsant, anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective, anti-tumor, anti-HIV agents, CNS-active compounds32, 33, 50, 51 | |
| Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester Other names: - Mol. Formula: C21H42O4 |
7.23 | 6.43 | 46.697 | Co-solvents, oil carrier, antioxidant, anti-acne66 | |
| Eugenol Other names: 2-Methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol, Eugenic acid, Mol. Formula: C10H12O2 |
3.87 | 3.21 | 4.562 | Anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-genotoxic, anti-inflammatory6, 53 | |
| n-Undecane Other names: Hendecane Mol. Formula: C11H24 |
3.55 | 2.45 | 11.854 | NA | |
| OS | Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester Other names: Stearic acid methyl ester, Methyl stearate Mol. Formula: C18H38O2 |
11.08 | 15.95 | 36.811 | Anti-viral, anti-microbial31 |
| 2-hydroxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde Other names: 4-Methylsalicylaldehyde Mol. Formula: C8H8O2 |
8.27 | 8.36 | 21.922 | NA | |
| Butyrate, 3-methyl-, 3-butenyl-3-methyl- Other names: 3-methylbut-3-enyl butanoate Mol. Formula: C9H16O2 |
7.37 | 7.76 | 11.833 | NA | |
| Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester Other names: - Mol. Formula: C31H62O4 |
7.33 | 4.60 | 46.760 | Antioxidant, anti-acne66 | |
| Coumarin Other names: 2H-Chromen-2-one Mol. Formula: C9H6O2 |
7.22 | 2.75 | 21.512 | Anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, – anti-hypertensive, anti-tubercular, anti-convulsant, anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective, anti-tumor, anti-HIV agents, CNS-active compounds32, 33, 50, 51 |
NA− Not available.