Table 2.
Triatominae species found naturally infected and capable of transmitting T. cruzi and T. rangeli in Panama
| Triatominae taxa | Trypanosome species [ref] | Habitat | Host-feeding range [ref] | Geographical location [Province] | Sampling site | Ecotype | Methodology |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panstrongylus geniculatus |
T. cruzi
[17] |
Sylvatic species specialized on subterranean host habitats: caves, nests and tree holes. It has been associated with the armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) | UND | Chilibrillo caves [Panama] | Bat cave | Sylvatic | Examination of bug feces; inoculation of guinea pigs with macerated bugs; feeding bugs on guinea pigs (xenodiagnostic technique) |
| Rhodnius pallescens s.l. |
T. cruzi
[92]; T. rangeli [79] |
Anthropic colonist species, invades both indoor and outdoor environments depending on ecological, enviromental and soci-economic conditions. It is strongly associated with species of palm trees, e.g. Attalea butyracea a and also Acrocomia spp. | Bradypodidae, Cracidae, Didelphidae, Echimyidae, Myrmecophagidae, Sauria (Lizards), Sciuridae, [100] |
Aguas Buenas [Panama] | Inside house | Domestic | Feeding bugs on guinea pigs (xenodiagnostic technique) |
| Amphibia, Canidae, Cebidae, Columbidae, Cracidae, Cricetidae, Dasyproctidae, Didelphidae, Echimyidae, Felidae, Hominidae, Muridae, Leporidae, Phasianidae, Psittacidae, Reptilia, Rallidae, Suidae, Strigidae (Sauria), [37] | |||||||
| Birds, dogs, humans, opossum, rats [104] | |||||||
| Artiodactyla, Carnivora, Caudata, Chiroptera, Ciconiiformes, Falconiformes, Galliformes, Marsupialia, Passeriformes, Primata, Rodentia, Squamata, Xenarthra, [50] | |||||||
| Eratyrus cuspidatus |
T. cruzi
[93] |
Sylvatic species rarely found near human habitations in rural areas | UND | Retiro Matias Hernandez [Panama] | Inside building | Domestic | Feeding bugs on guinea pigs (xenodiagnostic technique) |
| Triatoma dimidiata |
T. cruzi
[94] |
Sylvatic or semi-anthropic species found occasionally indoor, but mainly encountered around houses in domestic animal shelters | Accipitridae, Amphibia, Ardeidae, Bovidae, Canidae, Columbidae, Cricetidae, Felidae, Hominidae, Leporidae, Muridae, Passeriformes, Phasianidae, Psittacidae, [39] |
Chorrera [Panama] | Inside house | Domestic | Feeding bugs on guinea pigs (xenodiagnostic technique) |
| Cavernicola pilosa |
T. cruzi [91] |
Sylvatic species associated with the caves inhabited by various species of bats | UND | Panama City [Panama] | Bat cave | Sylvatic | – |
| Triatoma dispar |
T. cruzi
[23] |
Sylvatic species found in the canopy of mature old-growth type of forest | UND | Cerro Quia [Darien] | Forest canopy | Sylvatic | Examination of bug feces; inoculation of white mice with suspension of fecal material from bugs |
| Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus |
T. cruzi
[24] |
Sylvatic species, specializes on subterranean host habitats: caves, nests and tree holes. It is often found in pristine seasonal tropical rainforest forest | UND | Cerro Quia [Darien] | Forest canopy | Sylvatic | Examination of bug feces; inoculation of white mice with suspension of fecal material from bugs |
| Panstrongylus humeralis |
T. cruzi
[25] |
Sylvatic species that specializes on subterranean host habitats: caves, nests and tree holes. It has been found sporadically around houses in rural areas | UND | Bayano Lake [Panama] | Forest understory | Sylvatic | Inoculation of white mice with suspension of fecal material from bugs |
a Formerly known as Scheela zonensis
Reference: ref
Undetermined: UND