Table 3.

The JBI QARI critical appraisal checklist for interpretive and critical research (Pearson et al., [46])

Checklist questions	Study 2 (Heartfield et al. 2013) [60]	Study 3 (Welch, 2014) [51]	Study 4 (Newton et al. 2011) [42]	Study 6 (Bowler 2010) [61]	Study 7 (LeRoy et al. 2014) [55]
1. There is congruity between the stated philosophical perspective and the research methodology	√	√	√	√	√
2. There is congruity between the research methodology and the research question or objectives	X	X	√	X	√
3. There is congruity between the research methodology and the methods used to collect data	Unclear	X	√	√	√
4. There is congruity between the research methodology and the representation and analysis of data	√	√	√	√	√
5. There is congruity between the research methodology and the interpretation of results	Limited	√	√	√	Limited
6. There is a statement locating the researcher culturally and theoretically	X	X	X	X	X
7. The influence of the researcher on the research, and vice-versa, is addressed	X	X	Unclear	X	X
8. Participants and their voices are adequately represented	X	X	Limited	√	Limited
9. The research is ethical according to current criteria or, for recent studies, there is evidence of ethical approval by an appropriate body	X	X	√	Unclear	√
10. Conclusions drawn in the research report do appear to flow from the analysis, or interpretation, of the data	√	√	√	√	√