Table 3.
Associations between a one standard deviation unit increase in serum POP measures and all-cause mortality
| Exposure | N | Hazard Ratio (95% CI)a | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| PBDEs (ng/g of lipid) | |||
| Σ PBDEs | 436 | 1.07 (0.90, 1.27) | 0.42 |
| Σ PBDEs above LOD in >90% | 473 | 1.10 (0.93, 1.30) | 0.24 |
| 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-153) | 483 | 1.07 (1.00, 1.14) | 0.06 |
| 2,2′,4,4′,6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-100) | 483 | 1.05 (0.91, 1.23) | 0.47 |
| 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) | 474 | 1.10 (0.91, 1.33) | 0.29 |
| 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexabromobiphenyl (PBB-153) | 482 | 1.04 (0.89, 1.21) | 0.63 |
| PFASs (ng/g) | |||
| Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) | 1036 | 0.91 (0.80, 1.03) | 0.12 |
| Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) | 1032 | 0.93 (0.82, 1.06) | 0.27 |
| Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) | 1043 | 0.92 (0.80, 1.07) | 0.26 |
| Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) | 1043 | 0.88 (0.72, 1.08) | 0.21 |
| PCBs (ng/g of lipid) | |||
| Σ Dioxin-like PCBs | 380 | 0.94 (0.74, 1.18) | 0.55 |
| Σ Dioxin-like PCBs above LOD in >90% | 414 | 0.91 (0.77, 1.08) | 0.27 |
| Σ Non-dioxin-like PCBs | 405 | 0.94 (0.72, 1.22) | 0.61 |
| Σ Non-dioxin-like PCBs above LOD in >90% | 413 | 0.97 (0.76, 1.24) | 0.81 |
| Σ TEQ Dioxin-like PCBs | 385 | 1.01 (0.78, 1.31) | 0.92 |
| Σ TEQ Dioxin-like PCBs above LOD in >90% | 420 | 0.99 (0.80, 1.23) | 0.92 |
| OC Pesticides (ng/g of lipid) | |||
| Trans-nonachlor | 1404 | 1.05 (0.98, 1.12) | 0.17 |
| p,p’-DDE | 1411 | 1.07 (0.99, 1.16) | 0.09 |
| Oxychlordane | 1312 | 1.07 (1.00, 1.14) | 0.07 |
| β-hexachlorocyclohexane | 1397 | 1.18 (1.01, 1.38) | 0.04 |
Notes: CI, confidence interval; DDE, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; LOD, limit of detection; OC, organochlorine; PBDEs, polybrominated diphenyl ethers; PCBs, polychlorinated biphenyls; PFASs, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; POPs, persistent organic pollutants; TEQ, toxic equivalency values
a Adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, and smoking status; materially unchanged with additional adjustment for alcohol consumption, BMI, and poverty income ratio