Based on plasma HIV-1 RNA levels, antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals were classified as either elite controllers (<75 copies/ml), viremic controllers (75–2000 copies/ml) or non-controllers (>10,000 copies/ml). Viremic and elite controllers were subgrouped based on possession of either HLA-B*57:01, other ‘protective’ HLA-B alleles (HLA-B*14:02, B*27:05, B*52:01, B*58:01, B*81:01) or no ‘protective’ HLA-B alleles. HIV non-controllers (NC) were included for comparison. Within viremic controllers, differences in IgG antibody responses against HIV-1 p24 (A–C) and HIV-1 gp140 (G, H) between subgroups are shown. Within elite controllers, differences in IgG antibody responses against HIV-1 p24 (D–F) and HIV-1 gp140 (I, J) between subgroups are shown. Differences between subgroups were compared using Mann-Whitney tests (* = p ≤ 0.05, ** = p < 0.01, *** = p <0.001, ns = p > 0.05).