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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropharmacology. 2017 Aug 31;126:108–120. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.035

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Role of AMPA receptors in LHb neuronal excitability and depressive-like behaviors. (A–H, in ethanol-withdrawn rats, WD). Representative traces (A) and the plot of spike number verses current (B) show that bath perfusion of the AMPA receptor antagonist DNQX (20 µM) significantly decreased the number of spikes induced by a current step in LHb neurons of ethanol-withdrawn (WD) rats (ncells = 8). (C, D) Intra-LHb injection of DNQX at the dose of 500 ng/200 nl/side, but not 150 ng significantly shortened the total immobility time (C) and increased the latency to the first immobility (D) in the forced swim test (nrats = 11). (E, F) Intra-LHb DNQX (500 ng/200 nl/side) increased preference for sucrose (E) and sucrose intake (F) in the sucrose-preference test (nrats = 8). Chemogenetic inhibition of the LHb by CNO (10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly shortened the total immobility time (G), without significant change in the latency to the first immobility (H) in rats infected with hM4Di in the LHb, compared with rats infected with GFP only in forced swimming test (nrats = 6). (I–J, in ethanol-naïve rats). Intra-LHb injection of AMPA (11 ng/200 nl/side) in ethanol-naïve rats significantly prolonged the total immobility time (I) and shortened the latency to the first immobility (J) in forced swimming test (nrats= 7). The values are expressed as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, compared with aCSF.