Identification of cholesterol trafficking inhibitors in endothelial cells. (A) A schematic illustration of the screening procedure is shown. The John Hopkins Drug Library (JHDL) composed of 3,131 clinical drugs was used for screening to identify inhibitors of cholesterol trafficking in HUVEC. Finally, 13 hits were identified from primary and validation screenings. (B) HUVEC were treated with the hits for 8 h and observed under a confocal microscope after staining with filipin, a cholesterol tracer. CTRL, control; TFP, trifluoperazine; QAC, quinacrine; PCP, prochlorperazine; SLS, solasodine; TMT, tomatidine; ITRA, itraconazole; AST, astemizole; CEP, cepharanthine; NCS, niclosamide; STR, sertraline; SKF, zolantidine. Scale bar = 50 μm.