Table 2.

Molecular techniques utilized for characterization of various microbes

Organism	Techniques	Infections
CMV	Qualitative PCR Real-time PCR	CNs Infection Congenital Infection
Influenza and para influenza viruses	RT-PCR Real-time PCR Multiples PCR	Flu Bronchiolitis Croup
HIV	Real-time quantitative PCR (Viral load Detection)	HIV/AIDS
Hepatitis	Real-time PCR Hybridization	Hepatitis (chronic)
Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Group-B Streptococcus (GBS) Neisseria Meningitides Helicobacter species	RT-PCR Real-time PCR 16s rDNA PCR 16s rDNA PCR	MERS-CoV pneumonia Vaginitis Meningitis Osteomyelitis
Plasmodium falciparum Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Multi-drug resistant M. tuberculosis	Nested PCR Multiples PCR Real-time PCR (Gene Xpert)	Malaria Health care associated Infections Tuberculosis MDR-TB
Brucella spp., B. abortus, or melitensis	Real-time PCR	Brucellosis
Stenotrophomonas maltophila	23S rRNA based Specific oligonucleotide probes Real-time PCR	Cystic fibrosis