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. 2017 Oct 10;7:12916. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13365-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of sodium fluorocitrate on palmitate-induced cellular signals. INS-1 cells were treated with 0.2 mM of sodium fluorocitrate (SFC) in the presence of 0.4 mM palmitate (PA) for the indicated time period. ER stress responses were analyzed by immunoblotting of phospho-protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (P-PERK), phospho-eIF2α (P-eIF2α), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s), and phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (P-JNK) with anti-phospho-PERK, phospho-eIF2α, CHOP, XBP1, and phospho-JNK antibodies, respectively. Insulin signal was analyzed by immunoblotting of phospho-Akt (P-Akt) with anti-phospho-AKT antibody. Cropped blots are shown for clarity. Full-size original blots are presented in supplementary Fig. S6. Data are presented as mean ± SE and analyzed by two-way ANOVA. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 vs. palmitate-treated INS-1 cells.