Table 2.
Baseline characteristics—distribution overall and by treatment modality
| Variable | Subjects with available data {% missing} | Overall (n = 406) | Active surveillance (n = 312) | Adjuvant carboplatin (n = 37) | Adjuvant radiotherapy (n = 57) | p* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||
| Age | 406 {00.0%} | 37.3 [32.4 to 44.1] | 36.9 [32.0 to 43.1] | 37.2 [31.3 to 46.1] | 41.1 [34.9 to 46.5] | 0.02 |
| BMI | 298 {26.6%} | 25.3 [23.1 to 27.5] | 25.3 [23.1 to 27.4] | 24.9 [23.0 to 27.5] | 25.5 [23.7 to 29.2] | 0.603 |
| Family history of TGCT** | 282 {30.5%} | 28 (9.9%) | 22 (10.2%) | 1 (3.3%) | 5 (13.5%) | 0.402 |
| Smoker or ex-smoker | 329 {19.0%} | 147 (44.7%) | 106 (42.1%) | 20 (58.8%) | 21 (48.8%) | 0.153 |
| Karnofsky index <100% | 364 {10.3%} | 17 (4.7%) | 9 (3.3%) | 1 (2.7%) | 7 (14.0%) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes pretreatment | 369 {9.1%} | 9 (2.4%) | 5 (1.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (7.4%) | 0.06 |
| Hyperlipidemia pretreatment | 366 {9.9%} | 5 (1.4%) | 4 (1.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0.745 |
| Hypertension pretreatment | 368 {9.4%} | 20 (5.4%) | 13 (4.6%) | 2 (5.6%) | 5 (9.6%) | 0.291 |
| Diabetes posttreatment | 367 {9.6%} | 6 (1.6%) | 6 (2.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.783 |
| Hypertension posttreatment | 368 {9.4%} | 22 (6.0%) | 18 (6.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (7.7%) | 0.256 |
| Hyperlipidemia posttreatment | 366 {9.9%} | 37 (10.1%) | 26 (9.3%) | 1 (2.9%) | 10 (19.2%) | 0.04 |
| Clinicopathological variables | ||||||
| TU size > 4 cm | 352 {13.3%} | 135 (38.4%) | 77 (28.6%) | 26 (72.2%) | 32 (68.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Rete testis invasion | 232 {43.0%} | 101 (43.5%) | 59 (33.9%) | 19 (61.3%) | 23 (85.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Rete testis invasion and TU size > 4 cm | 226 {44.3%} | 40 (17.7%) | 14 (8.3%) | 11 (36.7%) | 15 (55.6%) | <0.0001 |
| T stage | 406 {00.0%} | / | / | / | / | <0.277 |
| pTis | / | 2 (0.5%) | 2 (0.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | / |
| pT1 | / | 299 (73.7%) | 266 (85.3%) | 6 (16.2%) | 27 (47.4%) | / |
| pT2 | / | 70 (17.2%) | 32 (10.3%) | 19 (51.4%) | 19 (33.3%) | / |
| pT3 | / | 34 (8.4%) | 12 (3.9%) | 12 (32.4%) | 10 (17.5%) | / |
| pT4 | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.8%) | ||
| Laboratory parameters (preoperative) | ||||||
| Hemoglobin | 239 {41.1%} | 15.4 [14.8 to 16.3] | 15.4 [14.9 to 16.4] | 15.9 [15.2 to 16.5] | 15.0 [13.9 to 15.6] | 0.002 |
| Leukocytes | 238 {41.4%} | 7.3 [5.7 to 8.8] | 7.4 [5.8 to 8.8] | 7.2 [6.1 to 8.0] | 6.9 [5.0 to 10.0] | 0.866 |
| Thrombocytes | 238 {41.4%} | 225.0 [198.0 to 264.0] | 227.0 [203.0 to 264.0] | 223.0 [199.0 to 271.0] | 211.0 [187.0 to 249.0] | 0.382 |
| CRP | 209 {48.5%} | 1.4 [1.0 to 3.2] | 1.3 [0.7 to 3.2] | 1.1 [1.0 to 2.2] | 2.4 [1.3 to 5.1] | 0.022 |
| Fibrinogen | 207 {49.0%} | 293.0 [246.0 to 343.0] | 291.0 [245.0 to 337.0] | 282.0 [248.0 to 336.0] | 325.0 [288.0 to 419.0] | 0.048 |
| LDH | 238 {41.4%} | 199 [167 to 248] | 195.0 [164.0 to 237.0] | 215.0 [187.0 to 288.0] | 246.0 [191.0 to 381.0] | 0.002 |
| Laboratory parameters (postoperative) | ||||||
| CRP | 195 {52.0%} | 1.0 [1.0 to 2.3] | 1.0 [0.9 to 2.3] | 1.0 [0.9 to 2.3] | 1.4 [1.0 to 2.1] | 0.195 |
| Laboratory parameters (1 year posttreatment) | ||||||
| CRP | 208 {48.8%} | 1.0 [0.8 to 2.3] | 1.0 [0.7 to 2.2] | 1.0 [0.6 to 1.8] | 1.7 [1.0 to 2.9] | 0.001 |
| Change in CRP (mg/dl) (from postoperative to 1 year posttreatment) | 185 {54.4%} | 0.0 [−0.4 to 0.4] | 0.0 [−0.4 to 0.2] | 0.0 [−0.5 to 0.5] | 0.1 [−0.3 to 3.16] | 0.002 |
Continuous data are reported as medians with 25th to 75th‰ in the squared brackets; categorical data are reported as absolute frequencies and percentages in parentheses. Percentages are calculated by referring only to the patients without missing values (i.e., not to the total number of patients if missing values are present)
CVE Cardiovascular event, BMI body mass index, TGCT testicular germ cell tumor, CRP C-reactive protein, LDH lactate dehydrogenase
* p represents test for difference between the treatment strategies
** Family history is defined as a history of testicular cancer in a first and/or second degree relative