Table 1.

Table showing the role of isozyme-specific PKCs in human heart failure and atherosclerosis

PKC	Cardiac aetiology	Model	Features	Ref.
PKC-βII	Heart failure	Human end-stage dilated cardiac myopathy	Increase cardiac PKC-βII levels	[67]
PKC-βII	Heart failure	Human end-stage dilated cardiac myopathy	Increase cardiac PKC-βI levels	[66]
PKC-α	Atherosclerosis	Human endothelium	Increases superoxide production and inactivation of PKC-α	[162]
PKC-α	Atherosclerosis	HepG2	LDL oxidation and decreased superoxide	[163]
PKC-α	Atherosclerosis	U-937 cells	PECAM1 expression and adhesion	[164]
PKC-α	Atherosclerosis	Human endothelium	Increased MMP-2 expression	[165]
PKC-α	Atherosclerosis	HepG2	LDL upregulation	[166]
PKC-β	Atherosclerosis	HepG2	Increased LDL activity	[167]
PKC-β	Atherosclerosis	Human endothelium	Induces expression of vascular cell adhesion, translocation of PKC-β	[159]
PKC-β	Atherosclerosis	Human endothelium	Increased MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression	[161]
PKC-β	Atherosclerosis	Human endothelium	Increased MMP-2 expression	[165]
PKC-ε	Atherosclerosis	HepG2	Increased/decreased LDL activity	[170]
PKC-ε	Atherosclerosis	Human endothelium	Induces expression of vascular cell adhesion, translocation of PKC-β	[165]
PKC-ζ	Atherosclerosis	Human endothelium	Regulates TNF-α-induced activation of NADPH oxidase	[171]