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. 2017 Oct 10;3:37. doi: 10.1186/s40798-017-0102-3

Table 2.

CAR as a response to prolonged exercise intervention (n = 13)

Citation Population Variable Exercise intervention Results
Athletes
 Filaire et al. [45] 12 adolescent female tennis players; 14.8 ±0.6 years Saliva; 0 h, + 0.5 h; CAR, AUCg 16 weeks, tennis training program ↓CAR, ↓AUCg
 Gouarne et al. [42] 9 untrained males (25.1 ± 1.4 years), 10 male triathletes (26.5 ± 2.7 years) Saliva; 0 h, + 0.5 h; CAR% 10 months, triathlon training ↑CAR% in OT athlete
 Gunnarsson et al. [41] 12 crew members of Volvo Ocean Race; 32 years Saliva; 0 h, + 0.3 h, + 0.6 h; CAR 9 months, round-the-world sailing competition ↓CAR
 Minetto et al. [40] 15 male soccer players; 24.4 ± 3.9 years Saliva; 0 h, + 0.25 h, + 0.5 h; AUCg, slope 7 days intensified soccer training (60% greater than preceeding months) ↑0 h, AUCg,
 Park et al. [43] 25 male trekkers (14–59 years), 21 male Sherpas (16–39 years) Saliva; 0 h, + 0.5 h, + 1 h; CAR, AUCg Trek to 4800 m ↑CAR, AUCg@4800 m in trekkers
Military
 Clow et al. [49] 13 male, 7 female military recruits; 17–24 years Saliva; 0 h, + 0.25 h, + 0.5 h; CAR, AUCg, MnInc 11 weeks, basic military training ↓AUCg at week 3 and 6
Non-athletes—yoga
 Curtis et al. [50] 22 female; fibromyalgia; 47.4 ± 13.7 years Saliva; 0 h, + 0.5 h; CAR Hatha yoga; 2 × 75-min classes, 8 weeks No change
 Daubenmier et al. [51] Female; BMI 25–40 kg m−2, < 300 lbs Saliva; 0 h, + 0.5 h; CAR, slope 9 × 2.5 h + one 7-h guided meditation (inc. yoga) No change
Non-athletes—aerobic exercise
 Calogiuri et al. [56] 7 male, 7 female sedentary-mod. Active; 49 ± 8 years Saliva; 0 h, + 0.25 h, + 0.5 h; AUCi, AUCg 25 min cycling, 20 min resistance; mod-high intensity (RPE), indoor and nature groups AUCi: indoor > nature (p = 0.04)
 Foley et al. [52] 23 subjects, experiencing major depressive episode or taking antidepressant Saliva; 0 h, + 0.5 h; CAR 12 weeks, 30–40 min mod. Aerobic exercise ↓CAR @ 6 and 12 weeks
 Foss et al. [53] 15 subjects; 45.2 ± 9.6 years; BMI > 35 Saliva; 0 h, + 0.5 h; CAR 22 weeks, 3 days/week, group-based mod.-vig. exercise No change
 Menke et al. [55] 12 males w/burnout; 12 male controls; 45.4 ± 6.2 years Saliva; 0 h, + 0.17 h, + 0.34 h, + 0.5 h; AUCg 12 weeks, 2–3 days/week, aerobic exercise@60–75%HRmax No change
 Tortosa-Martinez et al. [54] 21 persons diagnosed with amnestic mild cognitive impairment; 75.5 ± 7.23 years Saliva; 0 h, + 0.5 h; CAR Group exercise; 3 months, 3 days/wk., 60 min aerobic exercise@60–75%HRmax No change

BMI body mass index, RPE rating of perceived exertion, HR max maximum heart rate, OT overtrained