Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the study sample (n=2,013)
| Men | Women | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Results of chi-squared test are shown. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001 | |||||
| Age | 0.007** | ||||
| 25-29 | 183 | 15.8% | 181 | 21.1% | |
| 30-39 | 454 | 39.3% | 302 | 35.2% | |
| 40-50 | 519 | 44.9% | 374 | 43.6% | |
| Marital status | <0.001*** | ||||
| Married | 851 | 73.6% | 547 | 63.8% | |
| Not married | 305 | 26.4% | 310 | 36.2% | |
| Household members | <0.001*** | ||||
| 1 | 131 | 11.3% | 54 | 6.3% | |
| 2 | 214 | 18.5% | 181 | 21.1% | |
| ≥3 | 811 | 70.2% | 622 | 72.6% | |
| Educational attainment | <0.001*** | ||||
| High school graduate or less | 475 | 41.1% | 537 | 62.7% | |
| 2-year college graduate or higher | 681 | 58.9% | 320 | 37.3% | |
| Equivalent annual household income (JPY) | <0.001*** | ||||
| <2.5 million | 226 | 19.6% | 237 | 27.7% | |
| 2.5-3.5 million | 265 | 22.9% | 201 | 23.5% | |
| 3.5-5.05 million | 317 | 27.4% | 189 | 22.1% | |
| >5.05 million | 348 | 30.1% | 230 | 26.8% | |
| Self-rated health | 0.023* | ||||
| Good | 1,047 | 90.6% | 749 | 87.4% | |
| Bad | 109 | 9.4% | 108 | 12.6% | |
| Physical activity | 0.128 | ||||
| Physically active | 191 | 16.5% | 164 | 19.1% | |
| Physically inactive | 965 | 83.5% | 693 | 80.9% | |
| Smoking status | <0.001*** | ||||
| Non-smoker | 759 | 65.7% | 736 | 85.9% | |
| Smoker | 397 | 34.3% | 121 | 14.1% | |
| Alcoholic status | <0.001*** | ||||
| Non-alcoholic | 1,079 | 93.3% | 844 | 98.5% | |
| Alcoholic (CAGE score ≥2) | 77 | 6.7% | 13 | 1.5% | |
| Working hours/wk | <0.001*** | ||||
| ≤40 | 415 | 35.9% | 581 | 67.8% | |
| >40 | 741 | 64.1% | 276 | 32.2% | |
| Job stress | 0.521 | ||||
| Low job stress | 798 | 69.0% | 603 | 70.4% | |
| High job stress | 358 | 31.0% | 254 | 29.6% | |
| Health literacy | 0.103 | ||||
| High (≥4) | 491 | 42.5% | 333 | 38.9% | |
| Low (<4) | 665 | 57.5% | 524 | 61.1% | |
| Employment type | <0.001*** | ||||
| Permanent | 1,004 | 86.9% | 388 | 45.3% | |
| Temporary | 77 | 6.7% | 414 | 48.3% | |
| Self-employed | 75 | 6.5% | 55 | 6.4% | |
| Company size (employees) | <0.001*** | ||||
| Large (>1,000) | 471 | 40.7% | 249 | 29.1% | |
| Medium (100-1,000) | 277 | 24.0% | 208 | 24.3% | |
| Small (<100) | 408 | 35.3% | 400 | 46.7% | |
| Occupation type | <0.001*** | ||||
| White collar | 947 | 81.9% | 765 | 89.3% | |
| Blue collar | 209 | 18.1% | 92 | 10.7% | |
| Refraining from seeking medical service | 0.599 | ||||
| Yes | 562 | 48.6% | 423 | 49.4% | |
| No | 520 | 45.0% | 371 | 43.3% | |
| Not sick or injured | 74 | 6.4% | 63 | 7.4% | |