Table 2.
Characteristics, risk factors, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for myocardial infarction admissions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) versus non-diabetic patients, according to year of study (2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014)
| 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2014 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2DM | No T2DM | p value | T2DM | No T2DM | p value | T2DM | No T2DM | p value | T2DM | No T2DM | p value | |
| N (%) | 12,217 (100) | 12,217 (100) | NA | 13,013 (100) | 13,013 (100) | NA | 12,739 (100) | 12,739 (100) | NA | 12,458 (100) | 12,458 (100) | NA |
| Age adjusted rate per 100.000 inhabitantsa | 63.69 | NA | NA | 61.97 | NA | NA | 55.86 | NA | NA | 51.07 | NA | NA |
| Male sex, n (%)a,b | 7757 (63.49) | 7757 (63.49) | NA | 8855 (68.05) | 8855 (68.05) | NA | 8892 (69.8) | 8892 (69.8) | NA | 8819 (70.79) | 8819 (70.79) | NA |
| Age, mean (SD)a,b | 71.01 (10.73) | 71.01 (10.73) | NA | 70.87 (11.49) | 70.87 (11.49) | NA | 70.5 (12.05) | 70.5 (12.05) | NA | 70.23 (12.36) | 70.23 (12.36) | NA |
| 40–59 years, n (%) | 1965 (16.08) | 1965 (16.08) | NA | 2411 (18.53) | 2411 (18.53) | NA | 2642 (20.74) | 2642 (20.74) | NA | 2775 (22.27) | 2775 (22.27) | NA |
| 60–69 years, n (%) | 2927 (23.96) | 2927 (23.96) | 2845 (21.86) | 2845 (21.86) | 2957 (23.21) | 2957 (23.21) | 3022 (24.26) | 3022 (24.26) | ||||
| 70–79 years, n (%) | 4559 (37.32) | 4559 (37.32) | 4448 (34.18) | 4448 (34.18) | 3764 (29.55) | 3764 (29.55) | 3217 (25.82) | 3217 (25.82) | ||||
| ≥ 80 years, n (%) | 2766 (22.64) | 2766 (22.64) | 3309 (25.43) | 3309 (25.43) | 3376 (26.5) | 3376 (26.5) | 3444 (27.64) | 3444 (27.64) | ||||
| CCI, mean (SD)a,b | 2.65 (0.82) | 1.52 (0.74) | < 0.01 | 2.7 (0.88) | 1.56 (0.8) | < 0.01 | 2.76 (0.9) | 1.58 (0.82) | < 0.01 | 2.8 (0.92) | 1.62 (0.85) | < 0.01 |
| Smoking, n (%)a,b | 2938 (24.05) | 3275 (26.81) | < 0.01 | 4116 (31.63) | 4593 (35.3) | < 0.01 | 4566 (35.84) | 5258 (41.27) | < 0.01 | 4773 (38.31) | 5536 (44.44) | < 0.01 |
| Obesity, n (%)a,b | 1019 (8.34) | 565 (4.62) | < 0.01 | 1488 (11.43) | 831 (6.39) | < 0.01 | 1991 (15.63) | 1130 (8.87) | < 0.01 | 2238 (17.96) | 1275 (10.23) | < 0.01 |
| Hypertension, n (%)a,b | 6047 (49.5) | 4687 (38.36) | < 0.01 | 7511 (57.72) | 6038 (46.4) | < 0.01 | 7576 (59.47) | 5954 (46.74) | < 0.01 | 7401 (59.41) | 5938 (47.66) | < 0.01 |
| Lipid metabolism disorders, n (%)a,b | 1518 (12.43) | 1118 (9.15) | < 0.01 | 2940 (22.59) | 2187 (16.81) | < 0.01 | 4794 (37.63) | 3592 (28.2) | < 0.01 | 5715 (45.87) | 4019 (32.26) | < 0.01 |
| Renal diseases, n (%)a,b | 974 (7.97) | 604 (4.94) | < 0.01 | 1355 (10.41) | 853 (6.55) | < 0.01 | 1755 (13.78) | 1031 (8.09) | < 0.01 | 2034 (16.33) | 1287 (10.33) | < 0.01 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%)a,b | 1445 (11.83) | 1574 (12.88) | 0.011 | 1592 (12.23) | 1707 (13.12) | 0.029 | 1673 (13.13) | 1689 (13.26) | 0.760 | 1779 (14.28) | 1800 (14.45) | 0.697 |
| CHF, n (%)a | 2842 (23.26) | 2263 (18.52) | < 0.01 | 3125 (24.01) | 2357 (18.11) | < 0.01 | 3175 (24.92) | 2307 (18.11) | < 0.01 | 3171 (25.45) | 2331 (18.71) | < 0.01 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%)a | 559 (4.58) | 504 (4.13) | 0.082 | 519 (3.99) | 484 (3.72) | 0.259 | 445 (3.49) | 514 (4.03) | 0.022 | 448 (3.6) | 446 (3.58) | 0.070 |
| HD/DP, n (%)a | 83 (0.68) | 69 (0.56) | 0.257 | 160 (1.23) | 86 (0.66) | < 0.01 | 172 (1.35) | 85 (0.67) | < 0.01 | 182 (1.46) | 95 (0.76) | < 0.01 |
| CABG, n (%) | 220 (1.8) | 219 (1.79) | 0.961 | 224 (1.72) | 210 (1.61) | 0.495 | 246 (1.93) | 233 (1.83) | 0.547 | 236 (1.89) | 204 (1.64) | 0.127 |
| PCI, n (%)a,b | 2038 (16.68) | 2357 (19.29) | < 0.01 | 4172 (32.06) | 4586 (35.24) | < 0.01 | 5677 (44.56) | 6097 (47.86) | < 0.01 | 6643 (53.32) | 7096 (56.96) | < 0.01 |
| Fibrinolysis, n (%)a,b | 1613 (13.2) | 1694 (13.87) | 0.109 | 1289 (9.91) | 1451 (11.15) | 0.001 | 906 (7.11) | 1048 (8.23) | 0.001 | 463 (3.72) | 567 (4.55) | 0.001 |
| LHS, mean (SD)a,b | 10.59 (9.14) | 10.08 (9.45) | < 0.01 | 9.62 (8.7) | 8.82 (8.28) | < 0.01 | 8.47 (9.23) | 8.17 (11.51) | 0.021 | 7.58 (7.18) | 7.17 (7.86) | < 0.01 |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%)a,b | 1670 (13.67) | 1418 (11.61) | < 0.01 | 1409 (10.83) | 1234 (9.48) | < 0.01 | 1209 (9.49) | 1097 (8.61) | 0.011 | 991 (7.95) | 899 (7.22) | 0.022 |
CCI charlson comorbidity index, CHF congestive heart failure, HD/DP hemodyalisis/peritoneal dialysis, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, LHS length of hospital stay
aSignificant time trend among T2DM sufferers
bSignificant time trend among non-T2DM sufferers