Table 3.
Characteristics, risk factors, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for stroke admissions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) versus non-diabetic patients, according to year of study (2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014)
| 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2014 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2DM | No T2DM | p value | T2DM | No T2DM | p value | T2DM | No T2DM | p value | T2DM | No T2DM | p value | |
| N (%)a,b | 10,794 (100) | 10,794 (100) | NA | 14,600 (100) | 14,600 (100) | NA | 17,283 (100) | 17,283 (100) | NA | 17,559 (100) | 17,559 (100) | NA |
| Age adjusted rate per 100.000 inhabitantsa | 56.27 | NA | NA | 69.53 | NA | NA | 75.79 | NA | NA | 71.98 | NA | NA |
| Male sex, n (%) | 5706 (52.86) | 5706 (52.86) | NA | 7795 (53.39) | 7795 (53.39) | NA | 9345 (54.07) | 9345 (54.07) | NA | 9581 (54.56) | 9581 (54.56) | NA |
| Age, mean (SD)a,b | 73.17 (9.75) | 73.17 (9.75) | NA | 74.15 (10.3) | 74.15 (10.3) | NA | 74.84 (10.66) | 74.84 (10.66) | NA | 75.35 (11.06) | 75.35 (11.06) | NA |
| 40–59 years, n (%) | 1071 (9.92) | 1071 (9.92) | NA | 1467 (10.05) | 1467 (10.05) | NA | 1743 (10.09) | 1743 (10.09) | NA | 1865 (10.62) | 1865 (10.62) | NA |
| 60–69 years, n (%) | 2386 (22.1) | 2386 (22.1) | 2695 (18.46) | 2695 (18.46) | 3027 (17.51) | 3027 (17.51) | 3046 (17.35) | 3046 (17.35) | ||||
| 70–79 years, n (%) | 4436 (41.1) | 4436 (41.1) | 5593 (38.31) | 5593 (38.31) | 5923 (34.27) | 5923 (34.27) | 5224 (29.75) | 5224 (29.75) | ||||
| ≥ 80 years, n (%) | 2901 (26.88) | 2901 (26.88) | 4845 (33.18) | 4845 (33.18) | 6590 (38.13) | 6590 (38.13) | 7424 (42.28) | 7424 (42.28) | ||||
| CCI, mean (SD)a,b | 2.55 (0.74) | 1.51 (0.71) | < 0.01 | 2.64 (0.79) | 1.56 (0.75) | < 0.01 | 2.69 (0.81) | 1.62 (0.78) | < 0.01 | 2.86 (0.87) | 1.8 (0.84) | < 0.01 |
| Smoking, n (%)a,b | 1414 (13.1) | 1566 (14.51) | 0.001 | 2591 (17.75) | 2988 (20.47) | < 0.01 | 3440 (19.9) | 3675 (21.26) | < 0.01 | 3719 (21.18) | 4053 (23.08) | < 0.01 |
| Obesity, n (%)a,b | 617 (5.72) | 339 (3.14) | < 0.01 | 1171 (8.02) | 622 (4.26) | < 0.01 | 1638 (9.48) | 873 (5.05) | < 0.01 | 1985 (11.3) | 1056 (6.01) | < 0.01 |
| Hypertension, n (%)a,b | 6470 (59.94) | 5309 (49.18) | < 0.01 | 9841 (67.4) | 7942 (54.4) | < 0.01 | 11,799 (68.27) | 9688 (56.06) | < 0.01 | 11,818 (67.3) | 9804 (55.83) | < 0.01 |
| Lipid metabolism disorders, n (%)a,b | 770 (7.13) | 488 (4.52) | < 0.01 | 2449 (16.77) | 1614 (11.05) | < 0.01 | 4960 (28.7) | 3402 (19.68) | < 0.01 | 6801 (38.73) | 4481 (25.52) | < 0.01 |
| Renal diseases, n (%)a,b | 511 (4.73) | 376 (3.48) | < 0.01 | 988 (6.77) | 625 (4.28) | < 0.01 | 1634 (9.45) | 1009 (5.84) | < 0.01 | 2233 (12.72) | 1410 (8.03) | < 0.01 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%)a,b | 2045 (18.95) | 2275 (21.08) | < 0.01 | 3242 (22.21) | 3360 (23.01) | 0.065 | 4222 (24.43) | 4395 (25.43) | 0.016 | 4698 (26.76) | 4771 (27.17) | 0.314 |
| CHF, n (%)a,b | 503 (4.66) | 486 (4.5) | 0.579 | 902 (6.18) | 707 (4.84) | < 0.01 | 1211 (7.01) | 1065 (6.16) | 0.001 | 1291 (7.35) | 1039 (5.92) | < 0.01 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%)a,b | 254 (2.35) | 358 (3.32) | < 0.01 | 404 (2.77) | 472 (3.23) | 0.013 | 523 (3.03) | 604 (3.49) | 0.010 | 567 (3.23) | 727 (4.14) | < 0.01 |
| HD/DP, n (%)a | 32 (0.3) | 18 (0.17) | 0.051 | 58 (0.4) | 31 (0.21) | 0.004 | 73 (0.42) | 51 (0.3) | 0.049 | 99 (0.56) | 47 (0.27) | < 0.01 |
| Fibrinolysis, n (%)a,b | 15 (0.14) | 22 (0.2) | 0.253 | 109 (0.75) | 221 (1.51) | 0.000 | 569 (3.29) | 880 (5.09) | < 0.01 | 812 (4.62) | 1220 (6.95) | < 0.01 |
| Decompressive craniectomy, n (%)b | 31 (0.29) | 31 (0.29) | 0.502 | 29 (0.2) | 35 (0.24) | 0.454 | 47 (0.27) | 70 (0.41) | 0.035 | 53 (0.3) | 81 (0.46) | 0.015 |
| Carotid endarterectomy, n (%)a | 31 (0.29) | 41 (0.38) | 0.227 | 33 (0.23) | 50 (0.34) | 0.064 | 82 (0.47) | 62 (0.36) | 0.088 | 85 (0.48) | 80 (0.46) | 0.694 |
| Carotid angioplasty, n (%)a,b | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA | 29 (0.2) | 24 (0.16) | 0.485 | 68 (0.39) | 101 (0.58) | 0.011 | 125 (0.71) | 150 (0.85) | 0.125 |
| LHS, mean (SD)a,b | 12.9 (15.1) | 12.65 (16.45) | 0.254 | 12.14 (14.63) | 11.92 (15.54) | 0.204 | 11.22 (14.56) | 11.22 (15.87) | 0.977 | 9.82 (11.75) | 10.02 (12.18) | 0.119 |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%)a,b | 1616 (14.97) | 1692 (15.68) | 0.135 | 2261 (15.49) | 2258 (15.47) | 0.960 | 2582 (14.94) | 2568 (14.86) | 0.826 | 2506 (14.27) | 2438 (13.88) | 0.272 |
CCI charlson comorbidity index, CHF congestive heart failure, HD/DP hemodyalisis/peritoneal dialysis, LHS length of hospital stay
aSignificant time trend among T2DM sufferers
bSignificant time trend among non-T2DM sufferers