Table 5.
Characteristics, risk factors, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for acute lower limb ischemia admissions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) versus non-diabetic patients, according to year of study (2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014)
| 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2014 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2DM | No T2DM | p value | T2DM | No T2DM | p value | T2DM | No T2DM | p value | T2DM | No T2DM | p value | |
| N (%)a,b | 3854 (100) | 3854 (100) | NA | 4024 (100) | 4024 (100) | NA | 4323 (100) | 4323 (100) | NA | 4548 (100) | 4548 (100) | NA |
| Age adjusted rate per 100.000 inhabitantsa | 20.09 | NA | NA | 19.16 | NA | NA | 18.96 | NA | NA | 18.64 | NA | NA |
| Male sex, n (%) | 2850 (73.95) | 2850 (73.95) | NA | 3024 (75.15) | 3024 (75.15) | NA | 3221 (74.51) | 3221 (74.51) | NA | 3356 (73.79) | 3356 (73.79) | NA |
| Age, mean (SD)a,b | 72.27 (10.54) | 72.27 (10.54) | NA | 72.49 (10.94) | 72.49 (10.94) | NA | 72.69 (11.69) | 72.69 (11.69) | NA | 73.11 (11.84) | 73.11 (11.84) | NA |
| 40–59 years, n (%) | 524 (13.6) | 524 (13.6) | NA | 565 (14.04) | 565 (14.04) | NA | 697 (16.12) | 697 (16.12) | NA | 690 (15.17) | 690 (15.17) | NA |
| 60–69 years, n (%) | 851 (22.08) | 851 (22.08) | 890 (22.12) | 890 (22.12) | 935 (21.63) | 935 (21.63) | 1044 (22.96) | 1044 (22.96) | ||||
| 70–79 years, n (%) | 1470 (38.14) | 1470 (38.14) | 1409 (35.01) | 1409 (35.01) | 1291 (29.86) | 1291 (29.86) | 1205 (26.5) | 1205 (26.5) | ||||
| ≥ 80 years, n (%) | 1009 (26.18) | 1009 (26.18) | 1160 (28.83) | 1160 (28.83) | 1400 (32.38) | 1400 (32.38) | 1609 (35.38) | 1609 (35.38) | ||||
| CCI, mean (SD)a,b | 2.33 (0.82) | 1.34 (0.83) | < 0.01 | 2.42 (0.85) | 1.38 (0.89) | < 0.01 | 2.46 (0.9) | 1.43 (0.92) | < 0.01 | 2.51 (0.86) | 1.49 (0.89) | < 0.01 |
| Smoking, n (%)a,b | 902 (23.4) | 1037 (26.91) | < 0.01 | 1156 (28.73) | 1334 (33.15) | < 0.01 | 1439 (33.29) | 1645 (38.05) | 0.000 | 1625 (35.73) | 1908 (41.95) | < 0.01 |
| Obesity, n (%)a,b | 82 (2.13) | 49 (1.27) | 0.004 | 161 (4) | 79 (1.96) | < 0.01 | 225 (5.2) | 126 (2.91) | < 0.01 | 346 (7.61) | 175 (3.85) | < 0.01 |
| Hypertension, n (%)a,b | 1719 (44.6) | 1293 (33.55) | < 0.01 | 2286 (56.81) | 1595 (39.64) | < 0.01 | 2626 (60.74) | 1950 (45.11) | < 0.01 | 2763 (60.75) | 2172 (47.76) | < 0.01 |
| Lipid metabolism disorders, n (%)a,b | 239 (6.2) | 114 (2.96) | < 0.01 | 658 (16.35) | 354 (8.8) | < 0.01 | 1415 (32.73) | 818 (18.92) | < 0.01 | 1875 (41.23) | 1218 (26.78) | < 0.01 |
| Renal diseases, n (%)a,b | 356 (9.24) | 264 (6.85) | < 0.01 | 514 (12.77) | 359 (8.92) | < 0.01 | 747 (17.28) | 514 (11.89) | < 0.01 | 870 (19.13) | 612 (13.46) | < 0.01 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%)a,b | 474 (12.3) | 589 (15.28) | < 0.01 | 591 (14.69) | 615 (15.28) | 0.417 | 722 (16.7) | 768 (17.77) | 0.160 | 792 (17.41) | 901 (19.81) | 0.002 |
| CHF, n (%)a,b | 238 (6.18) | 223 (5.79) | 0.467 | 291 (7.23) | 235 (5.84) | 0.011 | 362 (8.37) | 351 (8.12) | 0.662 | 368 (8.09) | 355 (7.81) | 0.610 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 23 (0.6) | 29 (0.75) | 0.406 | 36 (0.89) | 57 (1.42) | 0.029 | 21 (0.49) | 49 (1.13) | 0.001 | 29 (0.64) | 35 (0.77) | 0.447 |
| HD/DP, n (%)a,b | 59 (1.53) | 48 (1.25) | 0.288 | 50 (1.24) | 59 (1.47) | 0.389 | 67 (1.55) | 85 (1.97) | 0.135 | 93 (2.04) | 83 (1.82) | 0.443 |
| Minor amputation, n (%) | 577 (14.97) | 353 (9.16) | < 0.01 | 620 (15.41) | 333 (8.28) | < 0.01 | 633 (14.64) | 341 (7.89) | < 0.01 | 645 (14.18) | 382 (8.4) | < 0.01 |
| Major amputation, n (%)a,b | 584 (15.15) | 621 (16.11) | 0.217 | 611 (15.18) | 596 (14.81) | 0.608 | 558 (12.91) | 538 (12.45) | 0.494 | 489 (10.75) | 537 (11.81) | 0.090 |
| Lower extremity revascularization, n (%)a,b | 910 (23.61) | 856 (22.21) | 0.130 | 933 (23.19) | 894 (22.22) | 0.301 | 825 (19.08) | 900 (20.82) | 0.038 | 749 (16.47) | 892 (19.61) | < 0.01 |
| Lower extremity angioplasty, n (%)a,b | 347 (9) | 319 (8.28) | 0.247 | 570 (14.17) | 473 (11.75) | 0.001 | 1034 (23.92) | 814 (18.83) | < 0.01 | 1415 (31.11) | 1103 (24.25) | < 0.01 |
| LHS, mean (SD)a,b | 16.48 (16.97) | 15.24 (15.36) | < 0.01 | 15.24 (16.38) | 13.63 (15.26) | < 0.01 | 13 (15.57) | 12.18 (14.39) | 0.008 | 10.39 (12.03) | 10.61 (13.08) | 0.384 |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%)b | 213 (5.53) | 304 (7.89) | < 0.01 | 255 (6.34) | 339 (8.42) | < 0.01 | 261 (6.04) | 311 (7.19) | 0.025 | 249 (5.47) | 307 (6.75) | 0.010 |
CCI charlson comorbidity index CHF congestive heart failure, HD/DP hemodyalisis/peritoneal dialysis, LHS length of hospital stay
aSignificant time trend among T2DM sufferers
bSignificant time trend among non-T2DM sufferers