Table 6.
Characteristics, risk factors, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for all cardiovascular events combined (acute coronary syndrome, stroke, aortic aneurysm and dissection or acute lower limb ischemia) admissions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) versus non-diabetic patients, according to year of study (2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014)
| 2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2014 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T2DM | No T2DM | p value | T2DM | No T2DM | p value | T2DM | No T2DM | p value | T2DM | No T2DM | p value | |
| N (%)a,b | 27,255 (100) | 27,255 (100) | NA | 32,252 (100) | 32,252 (100) | NA | 35,098 (100) | 35,098 (100) | NA | 35,406 (100) | 35,406 (100) | NA |
| Age adjusted rate per 100.000 inhabitantsa | 142.1 | NA | NA | 153.6 | NA | NA | 153.91 | NA | NA | 145.13 | NA | NA |
| Male sex, n (%)a,b | 16,677 (61.19) | 16,677 (61.19) | NA | 20,265 (62.83) | 20,265 (62.83) | NA | 22,168 (63.16) | 22,168 (63.16) | NA | 22,558 (63.71) | 22,558 (63.71) | NA |
| Age, mean (SD)a,b | 72.03 (10.35) | 72.03 (10.35) | NA | 72.56 (10.95) | 72.56 (10.95) | NA | 72.93 (11.44) | 72.93 (11.44) | NA | 73.19 (11.8) | 73.19 (11.8) | NA |
| 40–59 years, n (%) | 3616 (13.27) | 3616 (13.27) | NA | 4503 (13.96) | 4503 (13.96) | NA | 5137 (14.64) | 5137 (14.64) | NA | 5381 (15.2) | 5381 (15.2) | NA |
| 60–69 years, n (%) | 6270 (23) | 6270 (23) | 6607 (20.49) | 6607 (20.49) | 7153 (20.38) | 7153 (20.38) | 7359 (20.78) | 7359 (20.78) | ||||
| 70–79 years, n (%) | 10,649 (39.07) | 10,649 (39.07) | 11,738 (36.39) | 11,738 (36.39) | 11,328 (32.28) | 11,328 (32.28) | 10,022 (28.31) | 10,022 (28.31) | ||||
| ≥ 80 years, n (%) | 6720 (24.66) | 6720 (24.66) | 9404 (29.16) | 9404 (29.16) | 11,480 (32.71) | 11,480 (32.71) | 12,644 (35.71) | 12,644 (35.71) | ||||
| CCI, mean (SD)a,b | 2.56 (0.79) | 1.49 (0.74) | < 0.01 | 2.64 (0.84) | 1.54 (0.79) | < 0.01 | 2.68 (0.86) | 1.58 (0.82) | < 0.01 | 2.79 (0.9) | 1.69 (0.86) | < 0.01 |
| Smoking, n (%)a,b | 5393 (19.79) | 6014 (22.07) | < 0.01 | 8101 (25.12) | 9129 (28.31) | < 0.01 | 9768 (27.83) | 10,894 (31.04) | < 0.01 | 10,480 (29.6) | 11,857 (33.49) | < 0.01 |
| Obesity, n (%)a,b | 1737 (6.37) | 964 (3.54) | < 0.01 | 2852 (8.84) | 1552 (4.81) | < 0.01 | 3933 (11.21) | 2157 (6.15) | < 0.01 | 4651 (13.14) | 2551 (7.2) | < 0.01 |
| Hypertension, n (%)a,b | 14,449 (53.01) | 11,428 (41.93) | < 0.01 | 20,005 (62.03) | 15,844 (49.13) | < 0.01 | 22,471 (64.02) | 17,963 (51.18) | < 0.01 | 22,523 (63.61) | 18,344 (51.81) | < 0.01 |
| Lipid metabolism disorders, n (%)a,b | 2574 (9.44) | 1740 (6.38) | < 0.01 | 6176 (19.15) | 4238 (13.14) | < 0.01 | 11,461 (32.65) | 8012 (22.83) | < 0.01 | 14,818 (41.85) | 10,010 (28.27) | < 0.01 |
| Renal diseases, n (%)a,b | 1872 (6.87) | 1272 (4.67) | < 0.01 | 2924 (9.07) | 1899 (5.89) | < 0.01 | 4250 (12.11) | 2638 (7.52) | < 0.01 | 5284 (14.92) | 3427 (9.68) | < 0.01 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%)a,b | 4002 (14.68) | 4464 (16.38) | < 0.01 | 5483 (17) | 5749 (17.83) | 0.003 | 6707 (19.11) | 6958 (19.82) | 0.009 | 7426 (20.97) | 7588 (21.43) | 0.098 |
| CHF, n (%) | 3605 (13.23) | 2985 (10.95) | < 0.01 | 4347 (13.48) | 3323 (10.3) | < 0.01 | 4792 (13.65) | 3763 (10.72) | < 0.01 | 4871 (13.76) | 3759 (10.62) | < 0.01 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 872 (3.2) | 923 (3.39) | 0.209 | 1014 (3.14) | 1061 (3.29) | 0.281 | 1025 (2.92) | 1227 (3.5) | < 0.01 | 1105 (3.12) | 1270 (3.59) | < 0.01 |
| HD/DP, n (%)a,b | 181 (0.66) | 140 (0.51) | 0.022 | 286 (0.89) | 190 (0.59) | < 0.01 | 328 (0.93) | 244 (0.70) | < 0.01 | 399 (1.13) | 249 (0.70) | < 0.01 |
| CABG, n (%)b | 222 (0.81) | 222 (0.81) | 0.905 | 229 (0.71) | 213 (0.66) | 0.439 | 249 (0.71) | 241 (0.69) | 0.714 | 242 (0.68) | 214 (0.6) | 0.188 |
| PCI, n (%)a,b | 2046 (7.51) | 2361 (8.66) | < 0.01 | 4184 (12.97) | 4597 (14.25) | < 0.01 | 5715 (16.28) | 6118 (17.43) | < 0.01 | 6679 (18.86) | 7130 (20.14) | < 0.01 |
| Fibrinolysis, n (%)a,b | 1659 (6.09) | 1762 (6.46) | 0.046 | 1432 (4.44) | 1727 (5.35) | < 0.01 | 1554 (4.43) | 2027 (5.78) | < 0.01 | 1350 (3.81) | 1869 (5.28) | < 0.01 |
| Decompressive craniectomy, n (%)a,b | 32 (0.12) | 32 (0.12) | 0.603 | 29 (0.09) | 37 (0.11) | 0.326 | 47 (0.13) | 71 (0.2) | 0.028 | 56 (0.16) | 84 (0.24) | 0.017 |
| Carotid endarterectomy, n (%)a,b | 38 (0.14) | 47 (0.17) | 0.318 | 37 (0.11) | 59 (0.18) | 0.026 | 94 (0.27) | 77 (0.22) | 0.184 | 93 (0.26) | 83 (0.23) | 0.446 |
| Carotid angioplasty, n (%)a,b | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA | 31 (0.1) | 26 (0.08) | 0.501 | 68 (0.19) | 105 (0.3) | 0.005 | 129 (0.36) | 154 (0.43) | 0.131 |
| Thoracic aorta aneurysm open surgery, n (%)a,b | 9 (0.03) | 9 (0.03) | 0.913 | 23 (0.07) | 33 (0.1) | 0.127 | 25 (0.07) | 50 (0.14) | 0.001 | 45 (0.13) | 51 (0.14) | 0.460 |
| TEVAR, n (%)b | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA | 25 (0.07) | 16 (0.05) | 0.133 | 37 (0.1) | 33 (0.09) | 0.600 |
| Abdominal aorta aneurysm open surgery, n (%) | 87 (0.32) | 96 (0.35) | 0.406 | 112 (0.35) | 114 (0.35) | 0.881 | 100 (0.28) | 135 (0.38) | 0.011 | 137 (0.39) | 156 (0.44) | 0.204 |
| EVAR, n (%)a,b | 20 (0.07) | 22 (0.08) | 0.758 | 95 (0.29) | 78 (0.24) | 0.145 | 234 (0.67) | 194 (0.55) | 0.019 | 314 (0.89) | 293 (0.83) | 0.253 |
| Minor amputation, n (%)a,b | 585 (2.15) | 356 (1.31) | < 0.01 | 626 (1.94) | 333 (1.03) | < 0.01 | 646 (1.84) | 345 (0.98) | < 0.01 | 652 (1.84) | 383 (1.08) | < 0.01 |
| Major amputation, n (%)a,b | 594 (2.18) | 623 (2.29) | 0.337 | 624 (1.93) | 599 (1.86) | 0.396 | 568 (1.62) | 544 (1.55) | 0.416 | 500 (1.41) | 538 (1.52) | 0.183 |
| Lower extremity revascularization, n (%)a,b | 1016 (3.73) | 950 (3.49) | 0.076 | 1064 (3.3) | 1014 (3.14) | 0.209 | 952 (2.71) | 1032 (2.94) | 0.038 | 852 (2.41) | 990 (2.8) | < 0.01 |
| Lower extremity angioplasty, n (%)a,b | 378 (1.39) | 351 (1.29) | 0.289 | 624 (1.93) | 507 (1.57) | < 0.01 | 1077 (3.07) | 840 (2.39) | < 0.01 | 1456 (4.11) | 1144 (3.23) | < 0.01 |
| LHS, mean (SD)a,b | 12.41 (13.28) | 11.87 (13.65) | < 0.01 | 11.51 (12.92) | 10.87 (13.21) | < 0.01 | 10.44 (13.22) | 10.22 (14.28) | 0.030 | 9.1 (10.52) | 9.08 (11.11) | 0.837 |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%)a,b | 3555 (13.04) | 3464 (12.71) | 0.226 | 4002 (12.41) | 3909 (12.12) | 0.242 | 4134 (11.78) | 4066 (11.58) | 0.402 | 3814 (10.77) | 3728 (10.53) | 0.269 |
CCI charlson comorbidity index, CHF congestive heart failure, HD/DP hemodyalisis/peritoneal dialysis, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, TEVAR endovascular implantation of graft in thoracic aorta, EVAR endovascular implantation of graft in abdominal aorta, LHS length of hospital stay
aSignificant time trend among T2DM sufferers
bSignificant time trend among non-T2DM sufferers