Skip to main content
. 2015 Nov 3;7(11):3132–3154. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evv204

Table 2.

Summary of Strongest Associations between Syntenic Homologs Present in the Genomic Neighborhood (of the core NR-PKS) and Monophyletic Clades of NR-PKSs

Clade Gnode # CHG Description—CHG (Candidate Homolog Group) P Valuea Example Accessory Genes
β (azaphilones, meroterpenoids) g184 1 ch109 Terpene cyclase 4E-06 trt1—Aspergillus terreus terretonin biosynthesis terpene cyclase, ausL—A. nidulans austinol biosynthesis terpene cyclase
g204 2 ch71 Mitochondrial carrier protein (Pfam: Mito_carr) 3E-05
g273 3 ch73 YCII superfamily protein (Pfam: YCII) 8E-07 dbaC—implicated in biosynthesis of DHMBA (dihydroxy-3-methyl-6-(2-oxopropyl)benzaldehyde) in A. nidulans
g332 4 ch7 Accessory HR-PKS 1E-06 zea2—Fusarium graminearum zearalenone biosynthetic HR-PKS, afoG—A. nidulans asperfuranone biosynthetic HR-PKS
g335 5 ch9 FAD-binding oxidoreductase 3E-25 tropB—Talaromyces stipitatus tropolone biosynthesis FAD monooxygenase, afoD—A. nidulans asperfuranone biosynthesis FAD-dependent oxidase
6 ch12 Zinc-binding oxidoreductase (alcohol dehydrogenase) 1E-06 fsr4—F. fujikuroi fusarubin cluster oxidoreductaseb, PMAA_101580T. marneffei mitorubrinol biosynthesis oxidoreductase
7 ch48 Acetyltransferase 2E-09 PMAA_101560T. marneffei mitorubrinol biosynthesis acyltransferase
g336 8 ch20 FSH1 (serine hydrolase) 4E-19 afoC—A. nidulans asperfuranone biosynthesis oxidoreductase, dbaE—A. nidulans DHMBA biosynthesis esterase/lipase
9 ch26 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenase 7E-11 tropC—T. stipitatus nonheme iron(II)-dependent dioxygenase involved in tropolone biosynthesis, encD—A. fumigatus dioxygenase involved in endocrocin processing
g337 10 ch17 Zinc-finger transcription factor 3E-24 rp1—T. marneffei transcriptional activator (red pigment/citrinin cluster), dbaA—A. nidulans DHMBA biosynthesis TF
γ.C2–C7a monocyclic (orsellinic acid, resorcylic acid lactones) g405 11 ch7 Accessory HR-PKS 3E-08 zea2—F. graminearum zearalenone biosynthetic HR-PKS, afoG—A. nidulans asperfuranone biosynthetic HR-PKS
γ.C6–C11 (emodins, atrochrysone, asperthecin) g454 12 ch46 Short-chain dehydrogenase (classical SDR subtype) 3E-05 mppA—Monascus pilosus azaphilone biosynthesis oxidoreductaseb
g490 13 ch68 Policyclic prenyltransferase (pcPTase) 6E-10 dmaT/cpaD—A. flavus cyclopiazonic acid biosynthetic tryptophan dimethylalliltransferase, nscD—Neosartorya fischerii pcPTase involved in neosartoricin biosynthesis
g492 14 ch23 Zinc-finger transcription factor 8E-11 aurR2—F. graminearum aurofusarin biosynthetic TF, nscR—N. fischerii neosartoricin biosynthetic TF
g493 15 ch60 FAD-binding oxidase (Pfam: FAD_binding_3) 1E-22 aptC—A. nidulans asperthecin biosynthetic monooxygenase, nscC—N. fischerii neosartoricin biosynthetic monooxygenase
g494 16 ch32 FAD-binding oxidase (Pfam: FAD_binding_4) 8E-07
g548 17 ch36 Scytalone dehydratase 5E-08 arp1—N. fischerii conidial pigment dehydratase, mdpB—A. nidulans dehydratase required for prenylated xanthones' biosynthesis
g549 18 ch18 Dehydratase (EthD domain) 1E-09 aurZ—F. graminearum aurofusarin dehydratase
19 ch51 Domain of unknown function (Pfam: DUF1772) 1E-05 aflCa/hypC—A. flavus noranthrone monooxygenase, encC—A. fumigatus endocrocin biosynthetic monooxygenase
20 ch131 Methyltransferase 5E-09 gedD—A. terreus geodin biosynthesis methyltransferase
g550 21 ch31 NAD-binding oxidase (Pfam: NAD_binding_10) 5E-22 mdpK—A. nidulans oxidoreductase required for prenylated xanthones' biosynthesis, aflI/avfA/stcO—A. flavus averufin oxidase
22 ch41 Baeyer–Villiger oxidase (Pfam: DUF4243) 3E-07 mdpL—A. nidulans oxidase required for prenylated xanthones’ biosynthesis, gedK—A. terreus geodin biosynthesis oxidase
23 ch43 Zinc-finger transcription factor (Pfam: AflR) 5E-09 aflR—A. flavus aflatoxin biosynthesis transcription factor, mdpE—A. nidulans monodictyphenone biosynthesis transcription factor
g552 24 ch14 β-lactamase 3E-42 gedB/ACTE—A. terreus atrochrysone/geodin biosynthesis thioesterase, aptB—A. nidulans asperthecin biosynthesis thioesterase
γ.C2–C7b bicyclic (THN, melanins) g587 25 ch81 Prefoldin (chaperone) 4E-19 — (housekeeping gene)
g623 26 ch125 Pre-mRNA-splicing factor prp1/6 homolog (proteasome component) 8E-09 — (housekeeping gene)
g624 27 ch94 Imide hydrolase (Pfam: Hydantoinase) 9E-08
g627 28 ch33 Zinc-finger transcription factor 1E-29
γ.C2–C7c multicyclic (naphtopyrone, melanins, aurofusarin, bikaverin) g669 29 ch130 Maleylacetate reductase homolog (iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase) 2E-10
30 ch132 Zinc-finger transcription factor 7E-08
g670 31 ch37 FAD-binding oxidase (Pfam: FAD_binding_3) 1E-06 dbaB—A. nidulans FAD-binding monooxygenase implicated in DHMBA biosynthesis
g696 32 ch101 Multidomain protein (multiple zinc-finger sites, jumonji, ARID domains)—distant homology to histone demethylases (JARID1C; 27% sequence identity) 4E-09
33 ch116 GIY-YIG nuclease superfamily protein (structure-specific endonuclease subunit slx1 ortholog) 2E-07 — (housekeeping gene)
34 ch126 Glycosyl hydrolase family 31 proteins (∼50% sequence identity to model α-glycoside hydrolases) 2E-10
γ.C4–C9 (aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin, fusarubins) g772 35 ch43 Zinc-finger transcription factors (Pfam: AflR) 3E-06 aflR—A. flavus aflatoxin biosynthesis transcription factor, mdpE—A. nidulans prenylated xanthone biosynthesis TF
36 ch49 Accessory FAS—type α 8E-09 aflA/fas-2/stcJ—A. flavus fatty acid synthase α (aflatoxin biosynthesis), rp3—Talaromyces marneffei red pigment biosynthesis 3-oxoACP reductase
37 ch54 Accessory FAS—type β 1E-07 aflB/fas-1/stcK—A. flavus fatty acid synthase β (aflatoxin biosynthesis), rp2—T. marneffei red pigment biosynthesis fatty acid synthase β
g787 38 ch58 3-keto-ACP reductase (classical SDR) 6E-05
39 ch85 Flavin-binding monooxygenase (Pfam: FMO_like) 6E-06 aurF—F. graminearum rubrofusarin monooxygenase (aurofusarin biosynthesis)
g813 40 ch1 Methyltransferase 7E-05 aflO and aflP—A. flavus methyltransferases involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis, fsr2—F. fujikuroi fusarubin biosynthesis methyltransferaseb
γ.C2–C7b/c + γ.C4–C9 g817 41 ch6 Laccase (Cu-dependent oxidoreductase) 1E-06 abr2—A. fumigatus laccase required for oxidative polymerization of DHN, gip1—F. graminearum laccase dimerizing two 9-hydroxyrubrofusarin molecules (aurofusarin biosynthesis)
γ.C6–C11 + γ.C2–C7b/c + γ.C4–C9 g818 42 ch8 Enoyl-CoA reductase 2E-07 ver1/aflM—A. flavus versicolorin reductase (aflatoxin biosynthesis), 3HNR and 4HNR—Magnaporthe grisea trihydroxynaphtalene and tetrahydroxynaphtalene reductase (melanin biosynthesis)b, mdpC—A. nidulans reductase involved in biosynthesis of monodictyphenone and xanthones

aPost-Bonferroni correction.

bModel accessory genes from species not covered by the phylogeny reconstruction.